1829 
Wfc 


UC-NRLF 


WILSON'S 

Naturalization  Laws 

of  the 

United  States 

SHOWING  HOW  TO  BECOME  AN 
AMERICAN  CITIZEN 

INCLUDING 

United  States  Constitution,  Declaration  of  Independence, 

Department  Regulations,  Forms,  Questions 

Asked  by  Court,  Short  History  of 

United  States,  Etc.,  Etc. 


Compiled  by 

CALVERT  WILSON 

ATTORNEY  AT  LAW 

340  Wilcox  Building 
Lo.  Angela.  California 


ELEVENTH  EDITION 

1921 

PRICE  35  CENTS 


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WILSON'S 

Naturalization  Laws 

of  the 

United  States 

SHOWING  HOW  TO  BECOME  AN 
AMERICAN  CITIZEN 

INCLUDING 

United  States  Constitution,  Declaration  of  Independence, 

Department  Regulations,  Forms,  Questions 

Asked  by  Court,  Short  History  of 

United  States,  Etc.,  Etc. 


Comp.lcd   by 

CALVERT  WILSON 

ATTORNEY  AT*  LAW 

340  Wilcox  Building 
Loc  Angelc*.  California 


ELEVENTH  EDITION 


COPYRIGHTED,  1921 
BY  CALVERT  WILSON 


Press  of 

FLETCHER  FORD  COMPANN 
Los  Angeles,  Gal. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


GENERAL  NATURALIZATION  LAWS—                       Page 
(Act  of  June  29,  1906,  as  amended  June  25,  1910) '3 

NATURALIZATION  FORMS 23 

SPECIAL  NATURALIZATION  LAWS— 

(U.  S.  Revised  Statutes) 29 

PENAL  LAWS    35 

NATURALIZATION  REGULATIONS  38 

QUESTIONS  USUALLY  ASKED  APPLICANT 4< 

DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE 54 

CONSTITUTION  OF  UNITED  STATES 58 

AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION ...70 

LIST  OF  PRESIDENTS,  ETC 76 

STATES  COMPRISING  THE  UNITED  STATES 77 

SHORT  HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 78 


Naturalization  Laws  and  Regulations 


NATURALIZATION  LAWS. 

Act  of  June  29,  1906,  as  amended  by  Act  of  March  4,  1909, 
as  to  Sec.  16,  17  and  19  and  by  Act  of  June  25.  1910,  as  to 
Sec.  13  and  by  the  Act  of  Congress  of  March  4,  1913,  Cre- 
ating the  Department  of  Labor. 


[As  aiiuMidrd  by  Act  of  May  9,  1918.] 

An  Act  to  provide  for  a  uniform  rule  for  the  naturalization 
of  aliens  throughout  the  United  States,  and  establishing 
the  Bureau  of  Naturalization. 

(Portion  of  act  creating  the  Department  of  Labor.] 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
thei  'by  crea:  -cecutive  department  in  the  Gov- 

ernment to  be  called  the  Department  of  Labor,  with  a  Sec- 
retary <>!  Labor,  who  shall  be  the  head  thereof,  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Senate;  •  •  • 

•  ••••*** 

Sec.  3.  That  the  following-named  offices,  bureaus,  divis- 
ions, and  branches  of  the  public  service  now  and  heretofore 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and 
Labor,  and  all  that  pertains  to  the  same,  known  as  *  *  * 
the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization,  *  *  *  the 
Division  of  Naturalization,  *  *  *  be,  and  the  same  hereby 
are,  transferred  from  the  Department  of  Commerce  and 
Labor  to  the  Department  of  Labor,  and  the  same  shall  here- 
after remain  under  the  jurisdiction  and  supervision  of  the 
last-named  department.  The  Bureau  of  Immigration  and 
Naturalization  is  hereby  divided  into  two  bureaus,  to  be 
known  hereafter  as  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  the 
Bureau  of  Naturalization,  and  the  titles  Chief  Division  of 
Naturalization  and  Assistant  Chief  shall  be  Commissioner 
of  Naturalization  and  Deputy  Commissioner  of  Naturaliza- 
tion. The  Commissioner  of  Naturalization  or,  in  his  absence, 


4  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

the  Deputy  Commissioner  of  Naturalization,  shall  be  the  ad- 
ministrative officer  in  charge  of  the  Bureau  of  Naturaliza- 
tion and  of  the  administration  of  the  naturalization  laws 
under  the  immediate  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor,  to 
whom  he  shall  report  directly  upon  all  naturalization  mat- 
ters annually  and  as  otherwise  required,  *  *  *. 

[Act  of  June  29,  1906,  as  amended  by  the  acts  above  re- 
ferred to.] 

That  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization,  under  the  direction 
and  control  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor,  shall  have  charge  of 
ail  matters  concerning  the  naturalization  of  aliens.  That 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  to  pro- 
vide, for  use  at  the  various  immigration  stations  through- 
out the  United  States,  books  of  record,  wherein  the  commis- 
sioners of  immigration  shall  cause  a  registry  to  be  made  in 
the  case  of  each  alien  arriving  in  the  United  States  from  and 
after  the  passage  of  this  act  of  the  name,  age,  occupation, 
personal  description  (including  height,  complexion,  color  of 
hair  and  eyes),  the  place  of  birth,  the  last  residence,  the  in- 
tended place  of  residence  in  the  United  States,  and  the  date 
of  arrival  of  said  alien,  and,  if  entered  through  a  port,  the 
name  of  the  vessel  in  which  he  comes.  And  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  said  commissioners  of  immigration  to  cause  to  be 
granted  to  such  alien  a  certificate  of  such  registry,  with  the 
particulars  thereof. 

Sec.  2.  (This  section  is  omitted  as  it  authorized  the  Sec- 
retary of  Commerce  and  Labor  to  provide  the  necessary 
offices  in  the  city  of  Washington  and  take  the  necessary 
steps  for  the  proper  discharge  of  the  duties  imposed  by  the 
act  of  June  29,  1906.) 

Sec.  3.  That  exclusive  jurisdiction  to  naturalize  aliens 
as  citizens  of  the  United  States  is  hereby  conferred  upon 
the  following  specified  courts: 

United  States  circuit  and  district  courts  now  existing,  or 
which  may  hereafter  be  established  by  Congress  in  any 
State,  United  States  district  courts  for  the  Territories  of 
Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Oklahoma,  Hawaii,  and  Alaska,  the 
supreme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the  United 
States  courts  for  the  Indian  Territory;  also  all  courts  of 
record  in  any  State  or  Territory  now  existing,  or  which 
may  hereafter  be  created,  having  a  seal,  a  clerk,  and  juris- 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  5 

diction  in  actions  at  law  or  equity,  or  law  and  equity,  in 
which  the  amount  in  controversy  is  unlimited. 

That  the  naturalization  jurisdiction  of  all  courts  herein 
specified,  State,  Territorial,  and  Federal,  shall  extend  only 
to  aliens  resident  within  the  respective  judicial  districts  of 
such  courts. 

courts  herein  specified  shall,  upon  the  requisition  of 
the  clerks  of  such  courts,  be  furnished  from  time  to  time 
by  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  with  such  blank  forms  as 
may  be  required  in  the  naturalization  of  aliens,  and  all  cer- 
tificates of  naturalization  shall  be  consecutively  numbered 
and  printed  on  safety  paper  furnished  by  said  Bureau. 

Sec.  4.  That  an  alien  may  be  admitted  to  become  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  in  the  following  manner  and  not 
•rwise: 

l-'irst.  He  shall  declare  on  oath  before  the  clerk  of  any 
court  author!/. -d  by  this  Act  to  naturalize  aliens,  or  his 
authorized  deputy,  in  the  district  in  which  such  alien  resides, 
two  years  at  least  prior  to  his  admission,  and  after  he  has 
reached  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  that  it  is  bona  fide  his 
intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
to  renounce  forever  all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to  any  foreign 
prince,  potentate,  state,  or  sovereignty,  and  particularly, 
by  name,  to  the  prince,  potentate,  state,  or  sovereignty  of 
which  the  alien  may  be  at  the  time  a  citizen  or  subject. 
And  sucli  declaration  shall  set  forth  the  name,  age,  occupa- 
tion, personal  description,  place  of  birth,  last  foreign  resi- 
dence and  allegiance,  the  date  of  arrival,  the  name  of  the 
vessel,  if  any,  in  which  he  came  to  the  United  States,  and 
the  present  place  of  residence  in  the  United  States  of  said 
alien :  Provided,  however,  That  no  alien  who,  in  conformity 
with  the  law  in  force  at  the  date  of  his  declaration,  has 
declared  his  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  shall  be  required  to  renew  such  declaration. 

Second.  Not  less  than  two  years  nor  more  than  seven 
years  after  he  has  made  such  declaration  of  intention  he 
shall  make  and  file,  in  duplicate,  a  petition  in  writing, 
signed  by  the  applicant  in  his  own  handwriting  and  duly 
verified,  in  which  petition  such  applicant  shall  state  his  full 
name,  his  place  of  residence  (by  street  and  number,  if  possi- 
ble), his  occupation,  and,  if  possible,  the  date^nd  place  of 


6  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

his  birth;  the  place  from  which  he  emigrated,  and  the  date 
and  place  of  his  arrival  in  the  United  States,  and,  if  he 
entered  through  a  port,  the  name  of  the  vessel  on  which  he 
arrived;  the  time  when  and  the  place  and  name  of  the 
court  where  he  declared  his  intention  to  become  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States ;  if  he  is  married  he  shall  state  the  name 
of  his  wife  and,  if  possible,  the  country  of  her  nativity  and 
her  place  of  residence  at  the  time  of  filing  his  petition; 
and  if  he  has  children,  the  name,  date,  and  place  of  birth 
and  place  of  residence  of  each  child  living  at  the  time  of 
the  filing  of  his  petition:  Provided,  That  if  he  has  filed 
his  declaration  before  the  passage  of  this  Act  he  shall  not 
be  required  to  sign  the  petition  in  his  own  handwriting. 

The  petition  shall  set  forth  that  he  is  not  a  disbeliever  in 
or  opposed  to  organized  government,  or  a  member  of  or 
affiliated  with  any  organization  or  body  of  persons  teaching 
disbelief  in  or  opposed  to  organized  government,  a  polyga- 
mist  or  believer  in  the  practice  of  polygamy,  and  that  it 
is  his  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and 
to  renounce  absolutely  and  forever  all  allegiance  and  fidelity 
to  any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  state,  or  sovereignty,  and 
particularly  by  name  to  the  prince,  potentate,  state,  or 
sovereignty  of  which  he  at  the  time  of  filing  of  his  petition 
may  be  a  citizen  or  subject,  and  that  it  is  his  intention  t.r. 
reside  permanently  within  the  United  States,  and  whether 
or  not  he  has  been  denied  admission  as  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  and,  if  denied,  the  ground  or  grounds  of 
such  denial,  the  court  or  courts  in  which  such  decision  was 
rendered,  and  that  the  cause  for  such  denial  has  since  been 
cured  or  removed,  and  every  fact  material  to  his  naturaliza- 
tion and  required  to  be  proved  upon  the  final  hearing  of 
his  application. 

The  petition  shall  also  be  verified  by  the  affidavits  of  at 
least  two  credible  witnesses,  who  are  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  shall  state  in  their  affidavits  that  they  have 
personally  known  the  applicant  to  be  a  resident  of  the 
United  States  for  a  period  of  at  least  five  years  continuously, 
and  of  the  State.  Territory,  or  district  in  which  the  applica- 
tion is  made  for  a  period  of  at  least  one  year  immediately 
preceding  the  date  of  the  filing  of  his  petition,  and  that 
tliey  each  have  personal  knowledge  that  the  petitioner  is 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  7 

a  person  of  good  moral  character,  and  that  he  is  in  every 
way  qualified,  in  their  opinion,  to  be  admitted  as  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States. 

At  the  time  of  filing  his  petition  there  shall  be  filed  with 
clerk  of  the  court  a  certificate  from  the  Department  of 
Labor,  if  the  petitioner  arrives  in  the  United  States 
after  the  passage  of  this  Act,  stating  the  date,  place, 
and  manner  of  his  arrival  in  the  United  States,  and  the 
declaration  of  intention  of  such  petitioner,  which  certificate 
and  declaration  shall  be  attached  to  and  made  a  part  of 
said  petition. 

Third.     He   shall,   before   he   is   admitted   to   citizenship, 
declare  on  oath  in  open  court  that  he  will  support  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  and  that  he  absolutely  and 
•  rely   renounces  and  abjures  all   allegiance  and  fidelity 
to  any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  state,  or  sovereignty,  and 
particularly   by   name   to    the    prince,    potentate,   state,    or 
rci^ntv   of  which   he   was  before  a  citizen  or  subject; 
that  he  will  support  and  defend  the  Constitution  and  laws 
of    the    United    States    against    all    enemies,    foreign    and 
domestic,  and  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to  the  same. 

rth.  It  shall  Kr  made  to  appear  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  court  admitting  any  alien  to  citizenship  that  im- 
mediately preceding  the  date  of  his  application  he  has 
resided  continuously  within  tho  United  States  five  years  at 
least,  and  within  the  State  or  Territory  where  such  court 
is  at  the  time  held  one  year  at  least,  and  that  during  that 
he  has  behaved  as  a  man  of  good  moral  character, 
Ittached  to  the  principles  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and  well  disposed  to  the  good  order  and  happiness 
of  the  same.  In  addition  to  the  oath  of  the  applicant,  the 
testimony  of  at  least  two  witnesses,  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  as  to  the  facts  of  residence,  moral  character,  and 
attachment  to  the  principles  of  the  Constitution  shall  be 
required,  and  the  name,  place  of  residence,  and  occupation 
of  each  witness  shall  be  set  forth  in  the  record. 

Fifth.  In  case  the  alien  applying  to  be  admitted  to  citi- 
zenship has  borne  any  hereditary  title,  or  has  been  of  any 
of  the  orders  of  nobility  in  the  kingdom  or  state  from 
which  he  came,  he  shall,  in  addition  to  the  above  requisites, 
make  an  express  renunciation  of  his  title  or  order  of  nobility 


8  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

in  the  court  to  which  his  application  is  made,  and  his  re- 
nunciation shall  be  recorded  in  the  court. 

Sixth.  When  any  alien  who  has  declared  his  intention 
to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  dies  before  he  is 
actually  naturalized  the  widow  and  minor  children  of  such 
alien  may,  by  complying  with  the  other  provisions  of  this 
Act,  be  naturalized  without  making  any  declaration  of 
intention. 

(Following  added  by  Act  of  May  9,   1918.) 

"  Seventh.  Any  native-born  Filipino  of  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years  and  upward  who  has  declared  his  intention  to  be- 
come a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  who  has  enlisted  or 
may  hereafter  enlist  in  the  United  States  Navy  or  Marine 
Corps  or  the  Naval  Auxiliary*  Service,  and  who,  after  ser- 
vice of  not  less  than  three  years,  may  be  honorably  dis- 
charged therefrom,  or  who  may  receive  an  ordinary  dis- 
charge with  recommendation  for  reenlistment ;  or  any  alien, 
or  any  Porto  Rican  not  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  of  the 
age  of  twenty-one  years  and  upward,  who  has  enlisted  or 
entered  or  may  hereafter  enlist  in  or  enter  the  armies  of  the 
United  States,  either  the  Regular  or  the  Volunteer  Forces, 
or  the  National  Army,  the  National  Guard  or  Naval  Militia 
of  any  State,  Territory,  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  the 
State  militia  in  Federal  service,  or  in  -the  United  States 
Navy  or  Marine  Corps,  or  in  the  United  States  Coast  Guard, 
or  who  has  served  for  three  years  on  board  of  any  vessel  of 
the  United  States  Government,  or  for  three  years  on  board 
of  merchant  or  fishing  vessels  of  the  United  States  of  more 
than  twenty  tons  burden,  and  while  still  in  the  service  on 
a  reenlistment  or  reappointment,  or  within  six  months  after 
an  honorable  discharge  or  separation  therefrom,  or  while  on 
furlough  to  the  Army  Reserve  or  Regular  Army  Reserve 
after  honorable  service,  may,  on  presentation  of  the  re- 
quired declaration  of  intention  petition  for  naturalization 
without  proof  of  the  required  five  years'  residence  within 
the  United  States  if  upon  examination  by  the  representa- 
tive of  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization,  in  accordance  with  the 
requirements  of  this  subdivision  it  is  shown  that  such  resi- 
dence can  not  be  established;  any  alien  serving  in  the 
military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States  during  the 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  9 

time  this  country  is  engaged  in  the  present  war  may  file  his 
petition  for  naturalization  without  making  the  preliminary 

aration  of  intention  and  without  proof  of  the  required 
live  years'  residence  within  the  United  States;  any  alien 

a  rant  who  has  served  in  the  United  States  Army  or 
Navy,  or  the  Philippine  Constabulary,  and  has  been  honor- 
ably discharged  therefrom,  and  has  been  accepted  for  service 
in  either  the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States 
on  the  condition  that  he  becomes  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  may  hie  his  petition  for  naturalization  upon  proof 
of  continuous  residence  within  the  United  States  for  the 
three  years  imm» -diately  preceding  his  petition,  by  two  wit- 
nesses, citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  in  these  cases  only 
in  the  Philippine  Islands  and  the  Panama  Canal 
/one  by  aliens  may  be  considered  residence  within  the 
I'nited  States,  and  the  place  of  such  military  service  shall  be 
construed  as  the  place  of  residence  required  to  be  estab- 
lished for  purposes  of  naturalization;  and  any  alien,  or  any 

ion  <>win.Lj  permanent  allegiance  to  the  United  States 
••mbraced  within  this  subdivision,  may  tile  his  petition  for 
naturalization  in  the  most  convenient  court  without  proof  of 
jurisdiction,  notwithstanding  the  limita- 
tion upon  t!  iiction  of  the  courts  specified  in  section 
three  <>f  the  Act  of  June  twenty-ninth,  nineteen  hundred  and 

provided  he  appears  with  his  two  witnesses  before  the 
appropriate  representative  of  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization 
and  passes  the  preliminary  examination  hereby  required  be- 
fore filing  his  petition  for  naturalization  in  the  office  of  the 
derk  of  the  court,  and  in  each  case  the  record  of  this  exami- 
nation shall  be  offered  in  evidence  by  the  representative  of 
the  Government  from  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  and  made 
a  part  of  the  record  at  the  original  and  any  subsequent  hear- 
ings; and,  except  as  otherwise  herein  provided,  the  honor- 
able discharge  certificate  of  such  alien,  or  person  owing 
permanent  allegiance  to  the  United  States,  or  the  certificate 
of  service  showing  good  conduct,  signed  by  a  duly  author- 
ized officer,  or  by  the  masters  of  said  vessels,  shall  be  deemed 
prima  facie  evidence  to  satisfy  all  of  the  requirements  of 
n  sidenee  within  the  United  States  and  within  the  State, 

ritory,  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  good  moral 
character  required  by  law,  when  supported  by  the  affidavits 
of  two  witnesses,  citizens  of  the  United  States,  identifying 


10  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

the  applicant  as  the  person  named  in  the  certificate  or 
honorable  discharge,  and  in  those  cases  only  where  the  alien 
is  actually  in  the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United 
•Stales,  the  certificate  of  arrival  shall  not  be  filed  with  the 
petition  for  naturalization  in  the  manner  prescribed;  and 
any  petition  for  naturalization  filed  under  the  provisions  of 
this  subdivision  may  be  heard  immediately,  notwithstanding 
the  law  prohibits  the  hearing  of  a  petition  for  naturalization 
during  thirty  days  preceding  any  election  in  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  court.  Any  alien,  who,  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of 
this  Act,  is  in  the  military  service  of  the  United  States,  who 
may  not  be  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any  court  authorized 
to  naturalize  aliens,  may  file  his  petition  for  naturalization 
without  appearing  in  person  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the 
court  and  shall  not  be  required  to  take  the  prescribed  oath 
of  allegiance  in  open  court.  The  petition  shall  be  verified 
by  the  affidavits  of  at  least  two  credible  witnesses  who  are 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  prove  in  their 
affidavits  the  portion  of  the  residence  that  they  have  per- 
sonally known  the  applicant  to  have  resided  within  the 
United  States.  The  time  of  military  service  may  be  estab- 
lished by  the  affidavits  of  at  least  two  other  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  which,  together  with  the  oath  of  allegiance, 
may  be  taken  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  section  seven- 
teen hundred  and  fifty  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United 
States  after  notice  from  and  under  regulations  of  the  Bu- 
reau of  Naturalization.  Such  affidavits  and  oath  of  alle- 
giance shall  be  admitted  in  evidence  in  any  original  or 
appelate  naturalization  proceeding  without  proof  of  the 
genuineness  of  the  seal  or  signature  or  of  the  official  char- 
acter of  the  officer  before  whom  the  affidavits  and  oath  of 
allegiance  were  taken,  and  shall  be  filed  by  the  representa- 
tive of  the  Government  from  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization 
at  the  hearing  as  provided  by  section  eleven  of  the  Act  of 
June  twenty-ninth,  nineteen  hundred  and  six.  Members  of 
the  Naturalization  Bureau  and  Service  may  be  designated 
by  the  Secretary  of  Labor  to  administer  oaths  relating  to  the 
administration  of  the  naturalization  law;  and  the  require- 
ment of  section  ten  of  notice  to  take  depositions  to  the  United 
States  attorneys  is  repealed,  and  the  duty  they  perform 
under  section  fifteen  of  the  Act  of  June  twenty-ninth,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  six  (Thirty-fourth  Statutes  at  Large,  part 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  11 

one,  page  live   hundred  and  ninety-six),   may  also   be   per- 
formed   by    tin-   r«-mmi.>  r    beputy   Commissioner   of 
iraii/.aiion  :     Provided,   That   it  shall  not  be  lawful   to 
•  n  of  inteniiun  before  tlie  clerk  of  any  court 
on  election  day  or  during  the  period  of  thirty  days  preeed- 
the  day                                   .ecti"n  in  il,,-  jurisdiction  of  the 
Provided  further  upon  vessels 
other    than    of   America]                                             continuous    or 
shall  noi  naturali/a- 
purpoxcs   \\i\\\\:                                            the   United   S:;ites, 

\1  naturalization 
[)iirposes  dm-;  ->rcign  registry. 

DuriiiL'  .!«'s    is   at    war    no 

clerk  of  a    United   States  e  eollect   a 

in   the   niiiilary  ser\  ice   of 

I'nited  81  r  tiling  1  Ailing  the  certifi- 

cate -!i  to  citizenship,  and  no 

any  State  <  _re  or  col  for 

this  bat€  rec|uirc  such  charge 

to  1  :ig  more  than  the  portion  of 

•aid  to  t ':  >hall  be  charged  or 

collected.      A    full   accounting  for  all    of   these   tran>a--t ions 
shall  l-c  made  l  iD  in  the  manner 

vided    by  n    of   the    Act    of  .June   twenty- 

ninth,  nineteen  hundred 

rhth.     That   0V61  '•'  an  alien,  shall,  after 

his  declaration  of  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  limited 
r  he  shall  have  served  three  years  upon  such 
merchant  or  fishing  vessels  of  the  United  States,  be  deemed 
:i/.en  of  the  United  States  for  the  purpose  of  serving  on 
•reliant  or  fishing  vessel  of  the  United 
Sta  ;hing  to  the  contrary  in  any   Act  of  Congress 

notwithstanding;  but  such  seaman  shall,  for  all  purposes  of 
protection  as  an  American  citizen,  be  deemed  such  after 
the  filing  of  his  declaration  of  intention  to  become  such 
citizen:  Provided,  That  nothing  f-ntained  in  this  Act  shall 
be  taken  or  construed  to  repeal  or  modify  any  portion  of 
the  Act  approved  March  fourth,  nineteen  hundred  and 
en  (Thirty-eighth  Statutes  at  Large,  part,  one,  page 
eleven  hundred  and  sixty-four,  chapter  one  hundred  and 
fifty-three),  being  an  Act  to  promote  the  welfare  of  Ameri- 
can seamen. 


12  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

4  *  Ninth.  That  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  on  the  work  of 
the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  of  sending  the  names  of  the 
candidates  for  citizenship  to  the  public  schools  and  other- 
wise promoting  instruction  and  training  in  citizenship  re- 
sponsibilities of  applicants  for  naturalization,  as  provided 
in  this  subdivision,  authority  is  hereby  given  for  the  reim- 
bursement of  the  printing  and  binding  appropriation  of  the 
Department  of  Labor  upon  the  records  of  the  Treasury  De- 
partment from  the  naturalization  fees  deposited  in  the 
Treasury  through  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  for  the  cost 
of  publishing  the  citizenship  textbook  prepared  and  to  be 
distributed  by  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  to  those  candi- 
dates for  citizenship  only  who  are  in  attendance  upon  the 
public  schools,  such  reimbursement  to  be  made  upon  state- 
ments by  the  Commissioner  of  Naturalization  of  books  ac- 
tually delivered  to  such  student  candidates  for  citizenship, 
and  a  monthly  naturalization  bulletin,  and  in  this  duty  to 
secure  the  aid  of  and  cooperate  with  the  official  State  and 
national  organizations,  including  those  concerned  with  voca- 
tional education  and  including  personal  services  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  and  to  aid  the  local  Army  exemption 
boards  and  cooperate  with  the  War  Department  in  locating 
declarants  subject  to  the  Army  draft  and  expenses  inci- 
dental thereto. 

"Tenth.  That  any  person  not  an  alien  enemy,  who  re- 
sided uninterruptedly  within  the  United  States  during  the 
period  of  five  years  next  preceding  July  first,  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  fourteen,  and  was  on  that  date  otherwise  qualified 
to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  except  that  he 
had  not  made  the  declaration  of  intention  required  by  law 
and  who  during  or  prior  to  that  time,  because  of  misin- 
formation regarding  his  citizenship  status  erroneously  exer- 
cised the  rights  and  performed  the  duties  of  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States  in  good  faith,  may  file  the  petition  for  natur- 
alization prescribed  by  law  without  making  the  preliminary 
declaration  of  intention  required  of  other  aliens,  and  upon 
satisfactory  proof  to  the  court  that  he  has  so  acted  may  be 
admitted  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  upon  complying 
in  all  respects  with  the  other  requirements  of  the  naturali- 
zation law. 

"Eleventh.  No  alien  who  is  a  native,  citizen,  subject,  or 
denizen  of  any  country,  State,  or  sovereignty  with  which 


OP  THE  UNITED  STATES  13 

the  United  States  is  at  war  shall  be  admitted  to  become  a 
eiti/en  of  the  United  States  unless  he  made  his  declaration 
of  intention  not  less  than  two  nor  more  than  seven  years 
prior  to  the  existence  of  the  state  of  war,  or  was  at  that 
time  entitled  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  with- 
out making  a  declaration  of  intention,  or  unless  his  peti- 
tion !<>r  naturalization  shall  then  be  pending  and  is  otherwise 
entitled  t<»  admission,  notwithstanding  he  shall  be  an  alien 
em-my  at  the  time  and  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  the  laws 
>ed  upon  that  subject  :  Provided,  That  no  alien  em- 
braced within  this  subdivision  shall  have  his  petition  for 
naturalization  called  for  a  hearing,  or  heard,  except  after 
ty  days'  notice  given  by  the  clerk  of  the  court  to  the 
Commissioner  or  Deputy  Commissioner  of  Naturalization  to 
resent,  and  the  petition  shall  l»e  given  no  final  hearing 
;>en  court  and  after  such  notice  to  the  represen- 
tative of  the  (lovernment  from  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization, 
whose  objection  shall  cause  the  petition  to  be  continued 
from  time  to  time  for  so  long  as  the  Government  may  re- 
quire: Provided,  however,  That  nothing  herein  contained 
shall  he  taken  or  construed  to  interfere  with  or  prevent  the 
apprehension  and  removal,  agreeably  to  law,  of  any  alien 
enemy  at  any  time  previous  to  the  actual  naturalization  of 
such  alien;  and  section  twenty-one  hundred  and  seventy- 
one  of  the  I  Statutes  of  the  United  States  is  hereby 
repealed:  Provided  further,  That  the  President  of  the 
United  States  may,  in  his  discretion,  upon  investigation  and 
report  by  the  Department  of  Justice  fully  establishing  the 
loyalty  of  any  alien  enemy  not  included  in  the  foregoing 
exemption,  except  such  alien  enemy  from  the  classification 
of  alien  enemy,  and  thereupon  he  shall  have  the  privilege 
of  applying  for  naturalization;  and  for  the  purposes  of 
carrying  into  effect  the  provisions  of  this  section,  including 
personal  services  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  the  sum  of 
$400,000  is  hereby  appropirated,  to  be  available  until  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  including  travel 
expenses  for  members  of  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  and 
its  field  service  only,  and  the  provisions  of  section  thirty- 
six  hundred  and  seventy-nine  of  the  Revised  Statutes  shall 
not  be  applicable  in  any  way  to  this  appropriation. 

"Twelfth.    That  any  person  who,  while  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States  and  during  the  existing  war  in  Europe,  en- 


14  WILSON'S  NATUKALIZATION  LAWS 

tered  the  military  or  naval  service  of  any  country  at  war 
with  a  country  with  which  the  United  States  is  now  at  war, 
who  shall  be  deemed  to  have  lost  his  citizenship  by  reason 
of  any  oath  or  obligation  taken  by  him  for  the  purpose  of 
entering  such  service,  may  resume  his  citizenship  by  taking 
the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  United  States  prescribed  by  the 
naturalization  law  and  regulations,  and  such  oath  may  be 
taken  before  any  court  of  the  United  States  or  of  any  State 
authorized  by  law  to  naturalize  aliens  or  before  any  consul 
of  the  United  States,  and  certified  copies  thereof  shall  be 
sent  by  such  court  or  consul  to  the  Department  of  State 
and  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization,  and  the  Act  (Public 
fifty-five,  Sixty-fifth  Congress,  approved  October  fifth,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  seventeen),  is  hereby  repealed. 

"Thirteenth.  That  any  person  who  is  serving  in  the  mili- 
tary or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States  at  the  termination 
of  the  existing  war,  and  any  person  who  before  the  termina- 
tion of  the  existing  war  may  have  been  honorably  discharged 
from  the  military  or  naval  services  of  the  United  States 
on  account  of  disability  incurred  in  line  of  duty,  shall,  if  he 
applies  to  the  proper  court  for  admission  as  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  be  relieved  from  the  necessity  of  proving  that 
immediately  preceding  the  date  of  his  application  he  has 
resided  continuously  within  the  United  States  the  time  re- 
quired by  law  of  other  aliens,  or  within  the  State,  Territory, 
or  the  District  of  Columbia  for  the  year  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  date  of  his  petition  for  naturalization,  but  his 
petition  for  naturalization  shall  be  supported  by  the  affida- 
vits of  two  credible  witnesses,  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
identifying  the  petitioner  as  the  person  named  in  the  certi- 
ficate of  honorable  discharge,  which  said  certificate  may  be 
accepted  as  evidence  of  good  moral  character  required  by 
law,  and  he  shall  comply  with  the  other  requirements  of  the 
naturalization  law." 

Sec.  5.  That  the  clerk  of  the  court  shall,  immediately 
after  filing  the  petition,  give  notice  thereof  by  posting  in 
a  public  and  conspicuous  place  in  his  office,  or  in  the  build- 
ing in  which  his  office  is  situated,  under  an  appropriate 
heading,  the  name,  'nativity,  and  residence  of  the  alien,  the 
date  and  place  of  his  arrival  in  the  United  States,  and 
the  date,  as  nearly  as  may  be,  for  the  final  hearing  of  his 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  15 

petition,  and  the  names  of  the  witnesses  whom  the  appli- 
cant expects  to  summon  in  his  behalf;  and  the  clerk  shall, 
if  the  applicant  requests  it,  issue  a  subpoena  for  the  wit- 
nesses so  named  by  the  said  applicant  to  appear  upon  the 
day  set  for  the  final  hearing,  but  in  case  such  witnesses  can 
not  be  produced  upon  the  final  hearing  other  witnesses  may 
be  summoned. 

Sec.  6.  That  petitions  for  naturalization  may  be  made 
juid  filed  during  term  time  or  vacation  of  the  court  and 
shall  be  docketed  the  same  day  as  filed,  but  final  action 
thereon  shall  be  had  only  on  stated  days,  to  be  fixed  by 
rule  of  the  court,  and  in  no  case  shall  final  action  be  had 
upon  a  petition  until  at  least  ninety  days  have  elapsed  after 
filing  and  posting  the  notice  of  such  petition:  Provided, 
That  no  person  shall  be  naturalized  nor  shall  any  certifi- 
cate of  naturalization  be  issued  by  any  court  within  thirty 
days  preceding  the  holding  of  any  general  election  within 
its  territorial  jurisdiction.  It  shall  be  lawful,  at  the  time 
and  as  a  part  of  the  naturalization  of  any  alien,  for  the 
court,  i:  :i  the  petition  of  such  alien,  to 

make  a  decree  changing  the  name  of  said  alien,   and   his 
iticate  of  naturalization  shall  be  issued  to  him  in  ac- 
cordance therewith. 

Sec.  7.  That  no  person  who  disbelieves  in  or  who  is 
opposed  to  organized  government,  or  who  is  a  member  of 
or  affiliated  with  any  organization  entertaining  and  teach- 
ing such  disbelief  in  or  opposition  to  organized  government, 
or  who  advocates  or  teaches  the  duty,  necessity,  or  propriety 
of  the  unlawful  assaulting  or  killing  of  any  officer  or  offi- 
cers, either  of  specific  individuals  or  of  officers  generally, 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  other 
organized  government,  because  of  his  or  their  official  charac- 
ter, or  who  is  a  polygamist,  shall  be  naturalized  or  be  made 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  8.  That  no  alien  shall  hereafter  be  naturalized  or 
admitted  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  who  can  not 
speak  the  English  language:  Provided,  That  this  require- 
ment shall  not  apply  to  aliens  who  are  physically  unable 
to  comply  therewith,  if  they  are  otherwise  qualified  to 
become  citizens  of  the  United  States :  And  provided  further, 
That  the  requirements  of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to 


16  WILSON'S  NAfURALIZATION  LAWS 

any  alien  who  has  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  Act  declared 
his  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  in 
conformity  with  the  law  in  force  at  the  date  of  making 
such  declaration :  Provided  further,  That  the  requirements 
of  section  eight  shall  not  apply  to  aliens  who  shall  here- 
after declare  their  intention  to  become  citizens  and  who 
shall  make  homestead  entries  upon  the  public  lands  of  the 
United  States  and  comply  in  all  respects  with  the  laws  pro- 
viding for  homestead  entries  on  such  lands. 

Sec.  9.  That  every  final  hearing  upon  such  petition  shall 
be  had  in  open  court  before  a  judge  or  judges  thereof,  and 
every  final  order  which  may  be  made  upon  such  petition 
shall  be  under  the  hand  of  the  court  and  entered  in  full 
upon  a  record  kept  for  that  purpose,  and  upon  such  final 
hearing  of  such  petition  the  applicant  and  witnesses  shall 
be  examined  under  oath  before  the  court  and  in  the 
presence  of  the  court. 

Sec.  10.  That  in  case  the  petitioner  has  not  resided  in 
the  State,  Territory,  or  district  for  a  period  of  five  years 
continuously  and  immediately  preceding  the  filing  of  his 
petition  he  may  establish  by  two  witnesses,  both  in  his 
petition  and  at  the  hearing,  the  time  of  his  residence  within 
the  State,  provided  that  it  has  been  for  more  than  one 
year,  and  the  remaining  portion  of  his  five  years'  residence 
within  the  United  States  required  by  law  to  be  established 
may  be  proved  by  the  depositions  of  two  or  more  witnesses 
who  are  citizens  of  the  United  States,  upon  notice  to  the 
Bureau  of  Naturalization  and  the  United  States  attorney 
for  the  district  in  which  said  witnesses  may  reside. 

Sec.  11.  That  the  United  States  shall  have  the  right  to 
appear  before  any  court  or  courts  exercising  jurisdiction 
in  naturalization  proceedings  for  the  purpose  of  cross- 
examining  the  petitioner  and  the  witnesses  produced  in 
support  of  his  petition  concerning  any  matter  touching  or 
in  any  way  affecting  his  right  to  admission  to  citizenship, 
and  shall  have  the  right  to  call  witnesses,  produce  evidence, 
and  be  heard  in  opposition  to  the  granting  of  any  petition 
in  naturalization  proceedings. 

Sec.  12.  That  it  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  clerk  of 
each  and  every  court  exercising  jurisdiction  in  naturaliza- 
tion matters  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  to  keep  and 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  17 

file  a  duplicate  of  each  declaration  of  intention  made  before 
him  and  to  send  to  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturali- 
zation at  Washington,  within  thirty  days  after  the  issuance 
of  a  certificate  of  citizenship,  a  duplicate  of  such  certificate, 
and  to  make  and  keep  on  file  in  his  office  a  stub  for  each 
certificate  so  issued  by  him,  whereon  shall  be  entered  a 
memorandum  of  all  the  essential  facts  set  forth  in  such 
certificate.  It  shall  also  be  the  duty  of  the  clerk  of  each 
of  said  courts  to  report  to  the  said  Bureau,  within  thirty 
days  after  the  final  hearing  and  decision  of  the  court,  the 
name  of  each  and  every  alien  who  shall  be  denied  naturali- 
zation, and  to  furnish  to  said  Bureau  duplicates  of  all  peti- 
tions within  thirty  days  after  the  filing  of  the  same,  and 
certified  copies  of  such  other  proceedings  and  orders  insti- 
tuted in  or  issued  out  of  said  court  affecting  or  relating 
to  the  naturalization  of  aliens  as  may  be  required  from 
time  to  time  by  the  said  Bureau. 

In  case  any  such  clerk  or  officer  acting  under  his  direc- 
tion shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  comply  with  any  of  the  fore- 
going provisions  he  shall  forfeit  and  pay  to  the  United 
States  the  sum  of  twenty-five  dollars  in  each  and  every 
case  in  which  such  violation  or  omission  occurs,  and  the 
amount  of  such  forfeiture  may  be  recovered  by  the  United 
States  in  an  action  of  debt  against  such  clerk. 

Clerks  of  courts  having  and  exercising  jurisdiction  in 
naturalization  matters  shall  be  responsible  for  all  blank 
certificates  of  citizenship  received  by  them  from  time  to 
time  from  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization,  and  shall 
account  for  the  same  to  the  said  Bureau  whenever 
required  so  to  do  by  such  Bureau.  No  certificate 
of  citizenship  received  by  any  such  clerk  which  may  be 
defaced  or  injured  in  such  manner  as  to  prevent  its  use 
as  herein  provided  shall  in  any  case  be  destroyed,  but  such 
certificate  shall  be  returned  to  the  said  Bureau;  and  in 
case  any  such  clerk  shall  fail  to  return  or  properly  account 
for  any  certificate  furnished  by  the  said  Bureau,  as  herein 
provided,  he  shall  be  liable  to  the  United  States  in  the  sum 
of  fifty  dollars,  to  be  recovered  in  an  action  of  debt,  for 
each  and  every  certificate  not  properly  accounted  for  or 
returned. 

Sec.  13.     That  the  clerk  of  each  and  every  court  exer- 


18  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

cising  jurisdiction  in  naturalization  cases  shall  charge,  col- 
lect, and  account  for  the  following  fees  in  each  proceeding : 

For  receiving  and  filing  a  declaration  of  intention  and 
issuing  a  duplicate  thereof,  one  dollar. 

For  making,  filing,  and  docketing  the  petition  of  an  alien 
for  admission  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  for  the 
final  hearing  thereon,  two  dollars ;  and  for  entering  the  final 
order  and  the  issuance  of  the  certificate  of  citizenship  there- 
under, if  granted,  two  dollars. 

The  clerk  of  any  court  collecting  such  fees  is  hereby 
authorized  to  retain  one-half  of  the  fees  collected  by  him 
in  such  naturalization  proceeding;  the  remaining  one-half 
of  the  naturalization  fees  in  each  case  collected  by  such 
clerks,  respectively,  shall  be  accounted  for  in  their  quarter- 
ly accounts,  which  they  are  hereby  required  to  render  the 
Bureau  of  Naturalization,  and  paid  over  to  such  Bureau  with- 
in thirty  days  from  the  close  of  each  quarter  in  each  and  ev- 
ery fiscal  year,  and  the  moneys  so  received  shall  be  paid  over 
to  the  disbursing  clerk  of  the  Department  of  Labor,  who  shall 
thereupon  deposit  them  in  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States, 
rendering  an  account  therefor  quarterly  to  the  Auditor  for 
the  State  and  other  Departments,  and  the  said  disbursing 
clerk  shall  be  held  responsible  under  his  bond  for  said  fees 
so  received. 

In  addition  to  the  fees  herein  required,  the  petitioner 
shall,  upon  the  filing  of  his  petition  to  become  a  citizen  of 
the  United  States,  deposit  with  and  pay  to  the  clerk  of  the 
court  a  sum  of  money  sufficient  to  cover  the  expenses  of 
subpoenaing  and  paying  the  legal  fees  of  any  witnesses  for 
whom  he  may  request  a  subpoena,  and  upon  the  final  dis- 
charge of  such  witnesses  they  shall  receive,  if  they  demand 
the  same  from  the  clerk,  the  customary  and  usual  witness 
fees  from  the  moneys  which  the  petitioner  shall  have  paid 
to  such  clerk  for  such  purpose,  and  the  residue,  if  any, 
shall  be  returned  by  the  clerk  to  the  petitioner :  Provided, 
That  the  clerks  of  courts  exercising  jurisdiction  in  naturali- 
zation proceedings,  shall  be  permitted  to  retain  one-half  of 
the  fees  in  any  fiscal  year  up  to  the  sum  of  three  thousand 
dollars,  and  that  all  fees  received  by  such  clerks  in  naturali- 
zation proceedings  in  excess  of  such  amount  shall  be  ac- 
counted for  and  paid  over  to  said  Bureau  as  in  case  of 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  19 

other  fees  to  which  the  United  States  may  be  entitled  under 
the  provisions  of  this  Act.  The  clerks  of  the  various  courts 
exercising  jurisdiction  in  naturalization  proceedings  shall 
pay  all  additional  clerical  force  that  may  be  required  in 
performing  the  duties  imposed  by  this  Act  upon  the  clerks 
of  courts  from  fees  received  by  such  clerks  in  naturaliza- 
tion proceedings.  And  in  case  the  clerk  of  any  court  exer- 
cising naturalization  jurisdiction  collects  fees  in  excess  of  the 
sum  of  six  thousand  dollars  in  any  fiscal  year,  the  Secre- 
tary of  Labor  may  allow  salaries,  for  naturalization 
purposes  only,  to  pay  for  clerical  assistance,  to  be 
•led  and  employed  by  that  clerk,  additional  to 
the  clerical  force,  for  which  clerks  of  courts  are  required 
by  this  section  to  pay  from  fees  received  by  such  clerks  in 
naturalization  proceedings,  if  in  the  opinion  of  said  Secre- 
tary, the  naturalization  business  of  such  clerk  warrants 
further  additional  assistance;  Provided,  That  in  no  event 
Khali  the  whole  amount  allowed  the  clerk  of  a  court  and 
his  assistants  exceed  the  one-half  of  the  gross  receipts  of 
th»  office  of  said  clerk  from  naturalization  fees  during  such 
fiscal  ,year;  Provided  further,  That  when,  at  the  close  of 
any  fiscal  year,  the  business  of  such  clerk  of  court  indicates 
in  the  opinion  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor  that  the  naturaliza- 
tion fees  for  tin  iing  fiscal  year  will  exceed  six  thous- 
and dollars,  the  Secretary  of  Labor  may  authorize  the 
continuance  of  the  allowance  of  salaries  for  the  additional 
clerical  assistance  herein  provided  for,  and  employed  on 
the  last  day  of  the  fiscal  year  until  such  time  as  the  remit- 
tances indicate,  in  the  opinion  of  such  Secretary,  that  the 
fees  for  the  then  current  fiscal  year  will  not  be  sufficient  to 
allow  the  additional  clerical  assistance  authorized  by  this 
Act. 

That  payment  for  the  additional  clerical  assistance  herein 
authorized  shall  be  in  the  manner  and  under  such  regula- 
tions as  the  Secretary  of  Labor  may  prescribe. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  declarations  of  intention  and  the  peti- 
tions for  naturalization  shall  be  bound  in  chronological 
order  in  separate  volumes,  indexed,  consecutively  num- 
bered, and  made  part  of  the  records  of  the  court.  Each 
certificate  of  naturalization  issued  shall  bear  upon  its  face, 
in  a  place  prepared  therefor,  the  volume  number  and  page 


20  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

number  of  the  petition  whereon  such  certificate  was  issued, 
and  the  volume  number  and  page  number  of  the  stub  of 
such  certificate. 

Sec.  15.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  United  States 
district  attorneys  for  the  respective  districts,  upon  affidavit 
showing  good  cause  therefor,  to  institute  proceedings  in 
any  court  having  jurisdiction  to  naturalize  aliens  in  the 
judicial  district  in  which  the  naturalized  citizen  may  reside 
at  the  time  of  bringing  the  suit,  for  the  purpose  of  setting 
aside  and  canceling  the  certificate  of  citizenship  on  the 
ground  of  fraud  or  on  the  ground  that  such  certificate  of 
citizenship  was  illegally  procured.  In  any  such  proceed- 
ings the  party  holding  the  certificate  of  citizenship  alleged 
to  have  been  fraudulently  or  illegally  procured  shall  have 
sixty  days  personal  notice  in  which  to  make  answer  to  the 
petition  of  the  United  States;  and  if  the  holder  of  such 
certificate  be  absent  from  the  United  States  or  from  the 
district  in  which  he  last  had  his  residence,  such  notice  shall 
be  given  by  publication  in  the  manner  provided  for  the 
service  of  summons  by  publication  or  upon  absentees  by 
the  laws  of  the  State  or  the  place  where  such  suit  is  brought. 

If  any  alien  who  shall  have  secured  a  certificate  of  citi- 
zenship under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall,  within  five 
years  after  the  issuance  of  such  certificate,  return  to  the 
country  of  his  nativity,  or  go  to  any  other  foreign  country, 
and  take  permanent  residence  therein,  it  shall  be  considered 
prima  facie  evidence  of  a  lack  of  intention  on  the  part  of 
such  alien  to  become  a  permanent  citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  the  time  of  filing  his  application  for  citizenship, 
and,  in  the  absence  of  countervailing  evidence,  it  shall  be 
sufficient  in  the  proper  proceeding  to  authorize  the  cancella- 
tion of  his  certificate  of  citizenship  as  fraudulent,  and  the 
diplomatic  and  consular  officers  of  the  United  States  in 
foreign  countries  shall  from  time  to  time,  through  the 
Department  of  State,  furnish  the  Department  of  Justice 
with  the  names  of  those  within  their  respective  jurisdictions 
who  have  such  certificates  of  citizenship  and  who  have 
taken  permanent  residence  in  the  country  of  their  nativity, 
or  in  any  other  foreign  country,  and  such  statments,  duly 
certified,  shall  be  admissable  in  evidence  in  all  courts  in 
proceedings  to  cancel  certificates  of  citizenship. 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  21 

Whenever  any  certificate  of  citizenship  shall  be  set  aside 
or  canceled,  as  herein  provided,  the  court  in  which  such 
judgment  or  decree  is  rendered  shall  make  an  order  can- 
celing such  certificate  of  citizenship  and  shall  send  a  certi- 
fied copy  of  such  order  to  the  Bureau  of  Naturaliza- 
tion; and  in  case  such  certificate  was  not  originally 
issued  by  the  court  making  such  order  it  shall  direct 
the  clerk  of  the  court  to  transmit  a  copy  of  such  order  and 
judgment  to  the  court  out  of  which  such  certificate  of 
citizenship  shall  have  been  originally  issued.  And  it  shall 
thereupon  be  the  duty  of  the  clerk  of  the  court  receiving 
such  certified  copy  of  the  order  and  judgment  of  the  court 
to  enter  the  same  of  record  and  to  cancel  such  original  cer- 
tificate of  citizenship  upon  the  records  and  to  notify  the 
Bureau  of  Naturalization  of  such  cancellation. 

The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  apply  not  only  to  cer- 
tificates of  citizenship  issued  under  the  provisions  of  this 
Act,  but  to  all  certificates  of  citizenship  which  may  have 
been  issued  heretofore  by  any  court  exercising  jurisdic 
tion  in  naturalization  proceedings  under  prior  laws. 

Sec.  16.     Repealed  by  Sec.  341,  Penal  Laws. 

Sec.  17.     Repealed  by  Sec.  341,  Penal  Laws. 

Sec.  18.  That  it  is  hereby  made  a  felony  for  any  clerk 
or  other  person  to  issue  or  be  a  party  to  the  issuance  of  a 
certificate  of  citizenship  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this 
Act,  except  upon  a  final  order  under  the  hand  of  a  court 
having  jurisdiction  to  make  such  order,  and  upon  conviction 
thereof  such  clerk  or  other  person  shall  be  punished  by  im- 
prisonment for  not  more  than  five  years  and  by  a  fine  of  not 
more  than  five  thousand  dollars,  in  the  discretion  of  the 
court. 

Sec.  19.     Repealed  by  Sec.  341,  Penal  Laws. 

Sec.  20.  That  any  clerk  or  other  officer  of  a  court  having 
power  under  this  Act  to  naturalize  aliens,  who  willfully  neg- 
lects to  render  true  accounts  of  moneys  received  by  him  for 
naturalization  proceedings  or  who  willfully  neglects  to  pay 
over  any  balance  of  such  moneys  due  to  the  United  States 
within  thirty  days  after  said  payment  shall  become  due  and 
demand  therefor  has  been  made  and  refused,  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  embezzlement  of  the  public  moneys,  and  shall  be 


22  WILSON'S  NAIUKALIZATION  LAWS 

punishable  by  imprisonment  for  not  mor.e  than  five  years, 
or  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  thousand  dollars,  or  both. 

Sec.  21.  That  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  clerk  of  any 
court  or  his  authorized  deputy  or  assistant  exercising  juris- 
diction in  naturalization  proceedings  to  demand,  charge,  col- 
lect, or  receive  any  other  or  additional  fees  or  moneys  in 
naturalization  proceedings  save  the  fees  and  moneys  herein 
specified ;  and  a  violation  of  any  of  the  provisions  of  this 
section  or  any  part  thereof  is  hereby  declared  to  be  a  misde- 
meanor and  shall  be  punished  by  imprisonment  for  not  more 
than  two  years,  or  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  thousand 
dollars,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Sec.  22.  That  the  clerk  of  any  court  exercising  jurisdic- 
tion in  naturalization  proceedings,  or  any  person  acting 
under  authority  of  this  Act,  who  shall  knowingly  certify 
that  a  petitioner,  affiant,  or  witness  named  in  an  affidavit, 
petition,  or  certificate  of  citizenship,  or  other  paper  or  writ- 
ing required  to  be  executed  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act, 
personally  appeared  before  him  and  was  sworn  thereto,  or 
acknowledged  the  execution  thereof  or  signed  the  same, 
when  in  fact  such  petitioner,  affiant,  or  witness  did  not  per- 
sonally appear  before  him,  or  was  not  sworn  thereto,  or  did 
not  execute  the  same,  or  did  not  acknowledge  the  execution 
thereof,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  five  thous- 
and dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  not  to  exceed  five  years. 

Sec.  23.  That  any  person  who  knowingly  procures  natu- 
ralization in  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  be 
fined  not  more  than  five  thousand  dollars,  or  shall  be  im- 
prisoned not  more  than  five  years,  or  both,  and  upon  con- 
viction the  court  in  which  such  conviction  is  had  shall  there- 
upon adjudge  and  declare  the  final  order  admitting  such 
person  to  citizenship  void.  Jurisdiction  is  hereby  conferred 
on  the  courts  having  jurisdiction  of  the  trial  of  such  offense 
to  make  such  adjudication.  Any  person  who  knowingly  aids, 
advises,  or  encourages  any  person  not  entitled  thereto  to 
apply  for  or  to  secure  naturalization,  or  to  file  the  prelimi- 
nary papers  declaring  an  intent  to  become  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  or  who  in  any  naturalization  proceeding 
knowingly  procures  or  gives  false  testimony  as  to  any  ma- 
terial fact,  or  who  knowingly  makes  an  affidavit  false  as  to 
any  material  fact  required  to  be  proved  in  such  proceeding, 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  23 

shall  be  fined  not  more  than  five  thousand  dollars,  of  im- 
prisoned not  more  than  five  years,  or  both. 

Sec.  24.  That  no  person  shall  be  prosecuted,  tried,  or 
punished  for  any  crime  arising  under  the  provisions  of  this 
Act  unless  the  indictment  is  found  or  the  information  is  filed 
within  five  years  next  after  the  commission  of  such  crime. 

Sec.  25.  That  for  the  purpose  of  the  prosecution  of  all 
crimes  and  offenses  against  the  naturalization  laws  of  the 
United  States  which  may  have  been  committed  prior  to  the 
date  when  this  Act  shall  go  into  effect,  the  existing  naturali- 
zation laws  shall  remain  in  full  force  and  effect. 

Sec.  26.  That  s  :  wenty-one  hundred  and  sixty-five, 

twenty-one  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  twenty-one  hundred 
and  sixty-eii:  umlrvd  and  s» -vt  nty-three  of  the 

s  of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  sec- 
tion Thirty-im..'  .  Mid  and  twelve  of  the 

••I  States  of  America  for  the 
n  humlrvd  and  three,  and  all  Acts  or  parts  of 
Acts  inconsistent  with  or  repugnant  to  the  provisions  of 
this  Act  arc  lit- re  by  repealed. 

Sec.  27.  That  substantially  the  following  forms  shall  be 
used  in  the  proceedings  to  which  they  relate : 

Declaration  of  Intention. 
(Invalid  for  all  purposes  seven  years  after  the  date  hereof.) 


I,  ,  aged years,  occupation ,  do 

declare  on  oath   (affirm)   that  my  personal  description  is: 

Color   ,    complexion    ,    height    ,    weight 

color  of  hair ,  color  of  eyes ,  other  visi- 
ble distinctive  marks ;  I  was  born  in  on  the 

....  day  of  ,  anno  Domini  ;  I  now  reside  at 

:  I  emigrated  to  the  United  States  of  America  from 

on  the  vessel ;  my  last  foreign  residence  was 

It  is  my  bona  fide  intention  to  renounce  forever 

all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to  any  foreign  prince,  potentate, 

state,  or  sovereignty,  and  particularly  to ,  of  which 

I  am  now  a  citizen   (subject)  ;  I  arrived  at  the   (port)   of 
,  in  the  State  (Territory  or  District)  of on  or 


24  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

about  the  day  of  anno  Domini ;  I  am 

not  an  anarchist;  I  am  not  a  polygamist  nor  a  believer  in 
the  practice  of  polygamy;  and  it  is  my  intention  in  good 
faith  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America 
and  to  permanently  reside  therein.  So  help  me  God. 

(Original  signature  of  declarant)  

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  (affirmed)  before  me  this 

day  of ,  anno  Domini ; 

[L-  S.]  , 

(Official  character  of  attestor.) 

PETITION  FOR  NATURALIZATION. 

Court  of 

In  the  matter  of  the  petition  of to  be 

admitted  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

To  the Court : 

The  Petition  of respectfully  shows: 

First.     My  full  name  is 

Second.  My  place  of  residence  is  number , 

street,  city  of ,  State  (Ter- 
ritory or  District)  of 

Third.     My  occupation  is 

Fourth.    I  was  born  on  the day  of ,  18....,  at 

Fifth.  I  emigrated  to  the  United  States  from ,  on 

or  about  the  day  of  ,  1 ,  and  arrived  at 

the  port  of ,  in  the  United  States,  on  the  vessel 

Sixth.  I  declared  my  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of 

the  United  States  on  the  day  of  ,  1 at 

,  in  the court  of 

Seventh.  I  am  married.  My  wife's  name  is 

She  was  born  in and  now  resides  at 

I  have child ,  and  the  name,  date,  and  place  of 

birth  and  place  of  residence  of  each  of  said  children  is  as 
follows:  ;  ;  

Eighth.  I  am  not  a  disbeliever  in  or  opposed  to  organ- 
ized government  or  a  member  of  or  affiliated  with  any 
organization  or  body  of  persons  teaching  disbelief  in  organ- 
ized government.  I  am  not  a  polygamist  nor  a  believer  in 
the  practice  of  polygamy.  I  am  attached  to  the  principles 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  25 

of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  it  is  my  inten- 
tion to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  to  re- 
nounce absolutely  and  forever  all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to 
any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  state,  or  sovereignty,  and 

particularly  to  ,  of  which  at  this  time  I  am  a  citizen 

(or  subject),  and  it  is  my  intention  to  reside  permanently 
in  the  United  States. 

Ninth.     I  am  able  to  speak  the  English  language. 

Tenth.  I  have  resided  continuously  in  the  United  States 
of  America  for  a  term  of  five  years  at  least  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  date  of  this  petition,  to  wit,  since , 

jiiino  Domini ,  and  in  the  State  (Territory  or  District) 

of  for  one  year  at  least  next  preceding  the  date 

of  this  petition,  to  wit,  since day  of ,  anno 

I  >omini 

Kl'-venth.  I  have  not  heretofore  made  petition  for  citi- 
zenship to  any  court.  (I  made  petition  for  citizenship  to  the 

court  01  .  at  ,  and  the  said  petition 

d'-niccl  !>y  the  said  court  for  the  following  reasons  and 
causes,  to-wit,  ...,  and  the  cause  of  such  denial  has 

since  been  cured  or  removed.) 

Attached  hereto*  and  made  a  part  of  this  petition  are  my 
declaration  of  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  and  the  certificate  from  the  Department  of  Labor  re- 
quired by  law.  Wherefore  your  petitioner  prays  that  he 
may  be  admitted  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

Dated 

(Signature  of  petitioner) 


..,  being  duly  sworn,  deposes  and  says  that  he  is 
the  petitioner  in  the  above  entitled  proceeding;  that  he  has 
read  the  foregoing  petition  and  knows  the  contents  thereof; 
that  the  same  is  true  of  his  own  knowledge,  except  as  to 
matters  therein  stated  to  be  alleged  upon  information  and 
belief,  and  that  as  to  those  matters  he  believes  it  to  be  true. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this day  of 

,  anno  Domini 

(L.  S.)  


WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

Clerk  of  the Court 

Affidavit  of  Witnesses. 
Court  of  .. 


In  the  matter  of  the  petition  of  to  be  ad- 
mitted a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America. 


,  occupation ,  residing  at and 

,  occupation  ,  residing  at  ,  each 

being  severally,  duly,  and  respectively  sworn,  deposes  and 
says  that  he  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America; 

that  he  has  personally  known  ,  the  petitioner 

above  mentioned,  to  be  a  resident  of  the  United  States  for 
a  period  of  at  least  five  years  continuously  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  date  of  filing  his  petition,  and  of  the  State 
(Territory  or  District)  in  which  the  above-entitled  applica- 
tion is  made  for  a  period  of years  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  date  of  filing  his  petition;  and  that  he  has  per- 
sonal knowledge  that  the  said  petitioner  is  a  person  of  good 
moral  character,  attached  to  the  principles  of  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States,  and  that  he  is  in  every  way  quali- 
fied, in  his  opinion,  to  be  admitted  as  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States. 


Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this  day  of 

,  nineteen  hundred  and  

[L-  S.]  , 

(Official  character  of  attestor.) 

Certificate  of  Naturalization. 

Number  

Petition,  volume  ,  page  

Stub,  volume ,  page 

(Signature  of  holder)  

Description    of    holder:    Age,    ;    height,    ; 

color,  ;  complexion,  ;  color  of  eyes,  ; 

color  of  hair,  ;  visible  distinguishing  marks,  

Name,  age,  and  place  of  residence  of  wife,  ,  , 


dren, 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  27 

Name,  ages,  and  places  of  residence  of  minor  chil- 


•»  ••• 

,  88 


Be  it  remembered,  that  at  a  term  of  the  

court  of ,  held  at  on  the  day  of , 

in  the  year  of  our  Lord  nineteen  hundred  and , , 

who  previous  to  his  (her)  naturalization  was  a  citizen  or 

subject  of  ,  at  present  residing  at  number  

street,  city  (town),  State  (Territory 

or  District),  having  applied  to  be  admitted  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States  of  America  pursuant  to  law,  and  the  court 
having  found  that  the  petitioner  had  resided  continuously 
within  the  United  States  for  at  least  five  years  and  in  this 
State  for  one  year  immediately  preceding  the  date  of  the 
hearing  of  his  (her)  petition,  and  that  said  petitioner  in- 
tends to  reside  permanently  in  the  United  States,  had  in  all 
respects  complied  with  the  law  in  relation  thereto,  and 
that  ....he  was  entitled  to  be  so  admitted,  it  was  thereupon 
ordered  by  the  said  court  that  ....he  be  admitted  as  a  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States  of  America. 

In  testimony  whereof  the  seal  of  said  court  is  hereunto 

affixed  on  the day  of ,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 

nineteen  hundred  and  and  of  our  independence  the 


[L.  S.]  , 

(Official  character  of  attestor.) 

Stub  of  Certificate  of  Naturalization. 

No.  of  certificate,  

Name  ;  age, 

Declaration  of  intention,  volume  ,  page  

Petition,  volume ,  page 

Name,  age  and  place  of  residence  of  wife 

Names,  ages,  and  places  of  residence  of  minor  chil- 
dren,   , , ; , , , , 


Date  of  order,  volume ,  page 

(Signature  of  holder) 


28  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

Sec.  28.  That  the  Secretary  of  Labor  shall  have 
power  to  make  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be 
necessary  for  properly  carrying  into  execution  the  various 
provisions  of  this  Act.  Certified  copies  of  all  papers,  docu- 
ments, certificates,  and  records  required  to  be  used,  filed, 
recorded,  or  kept  under  any  and  all  of  the  provisions  of 
this  Act  shall  be  admitted  in  evidence  equally  with  the  origi- 
nals in  any  and  all  proceedings  under  this  Act  and  in  all 
cases  in  which  the  originals  thereof  might  be  admissible  as 
evidence. 

Sec.  29.  That  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  into  effect  the 
provisions  of  this  Act  there  is  hereby  appropriated  the  sum 
of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  out  of  any  moneys  in  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States  not  otherwise  appropriated, 
which  appropriation  shall  be  in  full  for  the  objects  hereby 
expressed  until  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  seven; 
and  the  provisions  of  section  thirty-six  hundred  and  seventy- 
nine  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  shall  not 
be  applicable  in  any  way  to  this  appropriation. 

Sec.  30.  That  all  the  applicable  provisions  of  the  naturali- 
zation laws  of  the  United  States  shall  apply  to  and  be  held 
to  authorize  the  admission  to  citizenship  of  all  persons  not 
citizens  who  owe  permanent  allegiance  to  the  United  States, 
and  who  may  become  residents  of  any  State  or  organized 
Territory  of  the  United  States,  with  the  following  modifica- 
tions: The  applicant  shall  not  be  required  to  renounce 
allegiance  to  any  foreign  sovereignty;  he  shall  make  his 
declaration  of  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  least  two  years  prior  to  his  admission;  and  resi- 
dence within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  owing 
such  permanent  allegiance,  shall  be  regarded  as  residence 
within  the  United  States  within  the  meaning  of  the  five 
years'  residence  clause  of  the  existing  law. 

Sec.  31.  That  this  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force 
from  and  after  ninety  days  from  the  date  of  its  passage : 
Provided,  That  sections  one,  two,  twenty-eight,  and  twenty- 
nine  shall  go  into  effect  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this 
Act. 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  29 

LAWS  REPEALED  BY  ACT  OF  MAY  9,  1918. 

That  all  Acts  or  parts  of  Acts  inconsistent  with  or  repug- 
nant to  the  provisions  of  this  Act  are  hereby  repealed;  but 
nothing  in  this  Act  shall  repeal  or  in  any  way  enlarge  sec- 
ti'in  twenty-one  hundred  and  sixty-ine  o  fthe  Revised 
Statutes,  except  as  specified  in  the  seventh  subdivision  of  this 
Act  and  under  the  limitation  therein  defined:  Provided, 
That  for  the  purposes  of  the  prosecution  of  all  crimes  and 
offenses  against  the  naturalization  laws  of  the  United  States 
which  may  have  been  committed  prior  to  this  Act  the 
utes  and  laws  hereby  repealed  shall  remain  in  full  force 
and  i-iiVrt  :  Provided  further,  That  as  to  all  aliens  who, 
prior  to  January  first,  nineteen  hundred,  served  in  the 
Armies  of  the  United  States  and  were  honorably  discharged 
ilu  i-rlroiii,  section  twrnty-one  hundred  and  sixty-six  of  the 
Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  shall  be  and  remain 
in  1'u  11  force  and  effect,  anything  in  this  Act  to  the  con- 
trary notwithstanding. 

Sec.  3.  That  all  certificates  of  naturalization  granted  by 
courts  of  competent  jurisdiction  prior  to  December  thirty- 
first,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  upon  petitions  for 
naturalization  tiled  prior  to  January  thirty-first,  nineteen 
hundred  and  eighteen,  upon  declarations  of  intention  filed 
prior  to  September  twenty-seventh,  nineteen  hundred  and 
are  hereby  declared  to  be  valid  in  so  far  as  the  declara- 
tion of  intention  is  concerned,  but  shall  not  be  by  this  Act 
further  validated  or  legalized. 

The  word  "District**  in  sections  four,  ten,  and  twenty- 
seven  of  the  Act  which  this  Act  amends  is  hereby  amended 
to  read  "the  District  of  Columbia." 

Special  Laws — U.  S.  Statutes 

ACT  OF  FEBRUARY  24,  1911. 

An  Act  providing  for  the  naturalization  of  the  wife  and 

minor  children  of  insane  aliens  making  homestead  entries 

under  the  land  laws  of  the  United  States. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 

of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 

when  any  alien,  who  has  declared  his  intention  to  become 


30  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  becomes  insane  before  he  is 
actually  naturalized,  and  his  wife  shall  thereafter  make  a 
homestead  entry  under  the  land  laws  of  the  United  States, 
she  and  their  minor  children  may,  by  complying  with  the 
other  provisions  of  the  naturalization  laws,  be  naturalized 
without  making  any  declaration  of  intention. 
Approved,  February  24,  1911. 

[In  regard  to  the  acquisition  of  citizenship  by  other  means 
than  naturalization,  see  sections  1992  to  1995  inclusive, 
of  the  United  States  Revised  Statutes.] 

CITIZENSHIP,  TITLE  XXV. 

Citizenship  of  women  by  marriage. 

Sec.  1994.  Any  woman  who  is  now  or  may  hereafter  be 
married  to  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  might 
herself  be  lawfully  naturalized,  shall  be  deemed  a  citizen. 

NATURALIZATION,  TITLE  XXX. 
Aliens  of  African  nativity  and  descent. 

Sec.  2169.  (As  amended,  1875).— The  provisions  of  this 
title  shall  apply  to  aliens  being  free  white  persons,  and 
to  aliens  of  African  nativity  and  to  persons  of  African 
descent. 

Five  years'  residence  required. 

Sec.  2170.     No  alien  shall  be  admitted  to  become  a  citizen 
who  has  not  for  the  continued  term  of  five  years  next  pre- 
ceding his  admission  resided  within  the  United  States. 
Children  of  persons  naturalized  under  certain  laws  to  be 
citizens. 

Sec.  2172.  The  children  of  persons  who  have  been  duly 
naturalized  under  any  law  of  the  United  States,  or  who, 
previous  to  the  passing  of  any  law  on  that  subject,  by  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  may  have  become  citi- 
zens of  any  one  of  the  States,  under  the  laws  thereof,  being 
under  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  at  the  time  of  the  naturali- 
zation of  their  parents  shall,  if  dwelling  in  the  United 
States,  be  considered  as  citizens  thereof;  and  the  children 
of  persons  who  now  are,  or  have  been,  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  shall,  though  born  out  of  the  limits  and  jurisdiction 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  31 

of  the  United  States,  be  considered  as  citizens  thereof;  but 
no  person  hertofore  proscribed  by  any  State,  or  who  has 
been  legally  convicted  of  having  joined  the  army  of  Great 
Britain  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  shall  be  admitted 
to  become  a  citizen  without  the  consent  of  the  Legislature 
of  the  State  in  which  such  person  was  proscribed. 

TWENTY-SECOND   STATUTES  AT   LARGE,   PAGE   61. 

[Act  of  May  6,  1882,  chap.  126,  sec.  14,  22  Stat.  61.] 
Naturalization  of  Chinese  prohibited. 

Sec.  14.  That  hereafter  no  State  court  or  court  of  the 
United  States  shall  admit  Chinese  to  citizenship;  and  all 
laws  in  conflict  with  this  Act  are  hereby  repealed. 

AN  ACT  TO  VALIDATE  CERTAIN  CERTIFICATES 

OF  NATURALIZATION. 
[Stat.  1905-6,  Part  I,  p.  630.] 

Tliis  Art  validates  certain  certificates  issued  under  the  Act 
<>i  March  3,  1903,  (concerns  but  few  persons)  and  makes  pro- 
vision for  records  of  Criminal  Court  of  Cook  County  under 
said 

Approved,  June  29,1906. 

Naturalization  of  Declarants  Who  Have  Served  in  the  Naval 

Reserve  Force  in  Time  of  War. 

(Act  of  May  22,  1917.) 

This  Act  provides  "That  such  persons  who  are  not  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  but  who  have  or  shall  have  declared 
their  intention  to  become  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and 
who  are  citizens  of  countries  which  are  at  peace  with  the 
Tinted  States,  may  enroll  in  the  Naval  Reserve  Force  sub- 
ject to  the  condition  that  they  may  be  discharged  from  such 
enrollment  at  any  time  within  the  discretion  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Navy,  and  such  persons  who  may,  under  existing 
law,  become  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  who  render 
honorable  service  in  the  Naval  Reserve  Force  in  time  of  war 
for  a  period  of  not  less  than  one  year  may  become  citizens  of 
the  United  States  without  proof  of  residence  on  shore  and 
without  further  requirement  than  proof  of  good  moral  char- 
acter and  certificate  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  that 


32  WILSON'S  NATUKALIZATION  LAWS 

such  honorable  service  was  actually  rendered." 

Naturalization  of  Deserters  or  Persons  who  go  abroad  to 
avoid  Draft  prohibited. 

(Act  of  August  22,  1912.) 

Sec.  3954.  Every  person  who  hereafter  deserts  the  mili- 
tary or  naval  service  of  the  United  States,  or  who,  being  duly 
enrolled,  departs  the  jurisdiction  of  the  district  in  which  he 
is  enrolled,  or  goes  beyond  the  limits  of  the  United  States, 
with  intent  to  avoid  any  draft  into  the  military  or  naval 
service,  lawfully  ordered,  shall  be  liable  to  all  the  penalties 
and  forfeitures  of  section  1996  of  the  Revised  Statues: 
PROVIDED,  That  the  provisions  of  this  section  and  said 
section  1996  (infra)  shall  not  apply  to  any  person  hereafter 
deserting  the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States 
in  time  of  peace. 


PORTO  RICAN  CITIZENSHIP, 

For  laws  concerning  status  of  Porto  Ricans  see  sec.  7  Act 
of  April  12,  1900,  31  Stat.  L.  p.  79,  and  sec.  5  of  Act  of  March 
2,  1917,  39  Stat.  L.  p.  965. 


ALIENS  HONORABLY  DISCHARGED  FROM  MILITARY 

OR  NAVAL  FORCES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

AFTER  SERVICE  DURING  THE  PRESENT 

WAR. 

Any  person  of  foreign  birth  who  served  in  the  military  or 
naval  forces  of  the  United  States  during  the  present  war, 
after  final  examination  and  acceptance  by  the  said  military 
or  naval  authorities,  and  shall  have  been  honorably  dis- 
charged after  such  acceptance  and  service,  shall  have  the 
benefits  of  the  seventh  subdivision  of  section  4,  of  the  Act 
of  June  29,  1906,  34  Statutes  at  Large,  part  1,  page  596,  as 
amended,  and  shall  not  be  required  to  pay  any  fee  therefor ; 
and  this  provision  shall  continue  for  the  period  of  one  year 
after  all  of  the  American  troops  are  returned  to  the  United 
States. 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  33 

THIRTY-FOURTH  STATUTES  AT  LARGE,  PAGE  1228. 
[Act  of  March  2,  1907.] 

An  act  in  reference  to  the  expatriation  of  citizens  and  their 

protection  abroad. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled, 
That  the  Secretary  of  State  shall  be  authorized,  in  his  dis- 
cretion, to  issue  passports  to  persons  not  citizens  of  the 
United  States  as  follows:  Where  any  person  has  made  a 
declaration  of  intention  to  become  such  a  citizen  as  pro- 
vided by  law  and  has  resided  in  the  United  States  for  three 
years  a  passport  may  be  issued  to  him  entitling  him  to  the 
protection  of  the  Government  in  any  foreign  country : 
Provided,  That  such  passport  shall  not  be  valid  for  more 
than  six  months  and  shall  not  be  renewed,  and  that  such 
passport  shall  not  entitle  the  holder  to  the  protection  of  this 
Government  in  the  country  of  which  he  was  a  citizen  prior 
to  making  such  declaration  of  intention. 

Sec.  2.  That  any  American  citizen  shall  be  deemed  to  have 
expatriated  himself  when  he  has  been  naturalized  in  any 
ign  state  in  conformity  with  its  laws,  or  when  he  has 
taken  an  oath  of  allegiance  to  any  foreign  state. 

When  any  naturalized  citizen  shall  have  resided  for  two 
years  in  the  foreign  state  from  which  he  came,  or  for  five 
years  in  any  other  foreign  state  it  shall  be  presumed  that 
he  has  ceased  to  be  an  American  citizen,  and  the  place  of 
his  general  abode  shall  be  deemed  his  place  of  residence 
during  said  years :  Provided,  however,  That  such  presump- 
tion may  be  overcome  on  the  presentation  of  satisfactory 
evidence  to  a  diplomatic  or  consular  officer  of  the  United 
States,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the  Department 
of  State  may  prescribe :  And  provided,  also,  That  no  Amer- 
ican citizen  shall  be  allowed  to  expatriate  himself  when  this 
country  is  at  war. 

Sec.  3.  That  any  American  woman  who  marries  a  for- 
eigner shall  take  the  nationality  of  her  husband.  At  the 
termination  of  the  marital  relation  she  may  resume  her 
American  citizenship,  if  abroad,  by  registering  as  an  Amer- 
ican citizen  within  one  year  with  a  consul  of  the  United 
States,  or  by  returning  to  reside  in  the  United  States,  or,  if 


34  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

residing  in  the  United  States  at  the  termination  of  the 
marital  relation,  by  continuing  to  reside  therein. 

Sec.  4.  That  any  foreign  woman  who  acquires  American 
citizenship  by  marriage  to  an  American  shall  be  assumed 
to  retain  the  same  after  the  termination  of  the  marital  rela- 
tion if  she  continue  to  reside  in  the  United  States,  unless 
she  makes  formal  renunciation  thereof  before  a  court  hav- 
ing jurisdiction  to  naturalize  aliens,  or  if  she  resides  abroad 
she  may  retain  her  citizenship  by  registering  as  such  before 
a  United  States  consul  within  one  year  after  the  termina- 
tion of  such  marital  relation. 

Sec.  5.  That  a  child  born  without  the  United  States  of 
alien  parents  shall  be  deemed  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
by  virtue  of  the  naturalization  of  or  resumption  of  American 
citizenship  by  the  parent:  Provided,  That  such  naturaliza- 
tion or  resumption  takes  place  during  the  minority  of  such 
child:  And  provided  further,  That  the  citizenship  of  such 
minor  child  shall  begin  at  the  time  such  minor  child  begins 
to  reside  permanently  in  the  United  States. 

Sec.  6.  That  all  children  born  outside  the  limits  of  the 
United  States  who  are  citizens  thereof  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  section  nineteen  hundred  and  ninety-three 
of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  and  who  con- 
tinue to  reside  outside  the  United  States  shall,  in  order  to 
receive  the  protection  of  this  Government,  be  required  upon 
reaching  the  age  of  eighteen  years  to  record  at  an  American 
consulate  their  intention  to  become  residents  and  remain 
citizens  of  the  United  States  and  shall  be  further  required 
to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  United  States  upon 
attaining  their  majority. 

Sec.  7.  That  duplicates  of  any  evidence,  registration,  or 
other  acts  required  by  this  Act  shall  be  filed  with  the  De- 
partment of  State  for  record. 


Citizenship  of  Children  Born  Abroad  of  Citizens. 
[Act  of  February  10,  1855,  amending  act  of  April  14,  1802.] 
Sec.  1993.  All  children  heretofore  born  or  hereafter  born 
out  of  the  limits  and  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  whose 
fathers  were  or  may  be  at  the  time  of  their  birth  citizens 
thereof,  are  declared  to  be  citizens  of  the  United  States ;  but 


OP  THE  UNITED  STATES  35 

the  rights  of  citizenship  shall  not  descend  to  children  whose 
fathers  never  resided  in  the  United  States.  (R.  S.  1878,  p. 
350;  1  Comp.  Stat.  1901,  p.  1268.) 

Residence  in  Hawaii  for  Naturalization  Purposes. 
[Act  of  April  30,1900.] 

Sec.  100.  That  for  the  purpose  of  naturalization  under  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  residence  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands 
prior  to  the  taking  effect  of  this  act  shall  be  deemed  equiva- 
lent to  residence  in  the  United  States  and  in  the  Territory 
of  Hawaii,  and  the  requirements  of  a  previous  declaration 
of  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  to 
renounce  former  allegiance  shall  not  apply  to  persons  who 
have  resided  in  said  islands  at  least  five  years  prior  to  the 
taking  effect  of  this  act;  but  all  other  provisions  of  the  laws 
of  the  United  States  relating  to  naturalization  shall,  so  far 
as  applicable,  apply  to  persons  in  the  said  islands.  (31  Stat. 
L.f  p.  161.) 

PENAL  LAWS. 

Taken  from  Penal  Laws  codified  and  enacted,  March  4,  1909. 

[Chap.  321,  35  Stat.  L.  1080.] 

Sec.  74.  Whoever  shall  falsely  make,  forge,  or  counter- 
feit, or  cause  or  procure  to  be  falsely  made,  forged,  or 
counterfeited,  or  shall  knowingly  aid  or  assist  in  falsely  mak- 
ing, forging,  or  counterfeiting  any  certificate  of  citizenship, 
with  intent  to  use  the  same,  or  with  the  intent  that  the  same 
may  be  used  by  some  other  person,  shall  be  fined  not  more 
than  ten  thousand  dollars,  or  imprisoned  not  more  than  ten 
years,  or  both. 

Sec.  75.  Whoever  shall  engrave,  or  cause  or  procure  to 
be  engraved,  or  assist  in  engraving,  any  plate  in  the  like- 
ness of  any  plate  designed  for  the  printing  of  a  certificate 
of  citizenship ;  or  whoever  shall  sell  any  such  plate,  or  shall 
bring  into  the  United  States  from  any  foreign  place  any  such 
plate,  except  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
Labor,  or  other  proper  officer;  or  whoever  shall  have 
in  his  control,  custody,  or  possession  any  metallic  plate 
engraved  after  the  similitude  of  any  plate  from  which  any 
such  certificate  has  been  printed,  with  intent  to  use  or  to 


36  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

suffer  such  plate  to  be  used  in  forging  or  counterfeiting 
any  such  certificate  or  any  part  thereof;  or  whoever  shall 
print,  photograph,  or  in  any  manner  cause  to  be  printed, 
photographed,  made,  or  executed,  any  print  or  impression 
in  the  likeness  of  any  such  certificate,  or  any  part  thereof; 
or  whoever  shall  sell  any  such  certificate,  or  shall  bring  the 
same  into  the  United  States  from  any  foreign  place,  except 
by  direction  of  some  proper  officer  of  the  United  States;  or 
whoever  shall  have  in  his  possession  a  distinctive  paper 
which  has  been  adopted  by  the  proper  officer  of  the  United 
States  for  the  printing  of  such  certificate,  with  intent  un- 
lawfully to  use  the  same,  shall  be  fined  not  more  than  ten 
thousand  dollars,  or  imprisoned  not  more  than  ten  years,  or 
both. 

Sec.  76.  Whoever,  when  applying  to  be  admitted  a  citi 
zen,  or  when  appearing  as  a  witness  for  any  such  person, 
shall  knowingly  personate  any  person  other  than  himself, 
or  shall  falsely  appear  in  the  name  of  a  deceased  person, 
or  in  an  assumed  or  fictitious  name ;  or  whoever  shall  false- 
ly make,  forge,  or  counterfeit  any  oath,  notice,  affidavit, 
certificate,  order,  record,  signature,  or  other  instrument, 
paper,  or  proceeding  required  or  authorized  by  any  law 
relating  to  or  providing  for  the  naturalization  of  aliens; 
or  whoever  shall  utter,  sell,  dispose  of,  or  shall  use  as  true 
or  genuine,  for  any  unlawful  purpose,  any  false,  forged, 
antedated,  or  counterfeit  oath,  notice,  certificate,  order, 
record,  signature,  instrument,  paper,  or  proceeding  above 
specified;  or  whoever  shall  sell  or  dispose  of  to  any  person 
other  than  the  person  for  whom  it  was  originally  issued 
any  certificate  of  citizenship  or  certificate  showing  any  per- 
son to  be  admitted  a  citizen,  shall  be  fined  not  more  than 
one  thousand  dollars,  or  imprisoned  not  more  than  five 
years,  or  both. 

Sec.  77.  Whoever  shall  use  or  attempt  to  use,  or  shall 
aid,  assist,  or  participate  in  the  use  of  any  certificate  of 
citizenship,  knowing  the  same  to  be  forged,  counterfeit,  or 
antedated,  or  knowing  the  same  to  have  been  procured  by 
fraud  or  otherwise  unlawfully  obtained;  or  whoever,  with- 
out lawful  excuse,  shall  knowingly  possess  any  false,  forged, 
antedated,  or  counterfeit  certificate  of  citizenship  purport- 
ing to  have  been  issued  under  any  law  of  the  United  States 


OF  T-HE  UNITED  STATES  37 

relating  to  naturalization,  knowing  such  certificate  to  be 
false,  forged,  antedated,  or  counterfeit,  with  the  intent  un- 
lawfully to  use  the  same;  or  whoever  shall  obtain,  accept, 
»r  receive  any  certificate  of  citizenship,  knowing  the  same 
to  have  been  procured  by  fraud  or  by  the  use  or  means  of 
any  false  name  or  statement  given  or  made  with  the  intent 
to  procure,  or  to  aid  in  procuring,  the  issuance  of  such  cer- 
tificate, or  knowing  the  same  to  have  been  fraudulently 
altered  or  antedated;  or  whoever,  without  lawful  excuse, 
shall  have  in  his  possession  any  blank  certificate  of -citizen- 
ship provided  by  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  with 
tin-  intent  unlawfully  to  use  the  same;  or  whoever, 
after  having  been  admitted  to  be  a  citizen,  shall,  on 
oath  or  by  affidavit,  knowingly  deny  that  he  has  been  so 
admit t «-d,  with  the  intent  to  evade  or  avoid  any  duty  or 
liability  imposed  or  required  by  law,  shall  be  fined  not  more 
than  one  thousand  dollars,  or  imprisoned  not  more  than 
years,  or  both. 

Sec.  78.  Whoever  shall  in  any  manner  use,  for  the  pur- 
'  of  registering  as  a  voter,  or  as  evidence  of  a  right  to 
vote,  or  otherwise  unlawfully,  any  order,  certificate  of  citi- 
hip,  or  certificate,  judgment,  or  exemplification,  show- 
ing any  person  to  be  admitted  to  be  a  citizen,  whether  here- 
tofore or  hereafter  issued  or  made,  knowing  that  such  order, 
certificate,  judgment,  or  exemplification  has  been  unlaw- 
fully issued  or  made;  or  whoever  shall  unlawfully  use,  or 
attempt  to  use,  any  such  order  or  certificate,  issued  to  or 
in  '.he  name  of  any  other  person,  or  in  a  fictitious  name,  or 
the  name  of  a  deceased  person,  shall  be  fined  not  more  than 
one  thousand  dollars,  or  imprisoned  not  more  than  five 
years,  or  both. 

Sec.  79.  Whoever  shall  knowingly  use  any  certificate  of 
naturalization  heretofore  or  which  hereafter  may  be  granted 
by  any  court,  which  has  been  or  may  be  procured  through 
fraud  or  by  false  evidence,  or  which  has  been  or  may  here- 
after be  issued  by  the  clerk  or  any  other  officer  oi  the  court 
without  any  appearance  and  hearing  of  the  applicant  in 
court,  and  without  lawful  authority;  or  whoever,  for  any 
fraudulent  purpose  whatever,  shall  falsely  represent  him- 
self to  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  without  having  been 
duly  admitted  to  citizenship,  shall  be  fined  not  more  than 


38  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

one  thousand  dollars,   or  imprisoned  not  more  than  two 
years,  or  both. 

Sec.  80.  Whoever,  in  any  proceeding  under  or  by  virtue 
of  any  law  relating  to  the  naturalization  of  aliens,  shall 
knowingly  swear  falsely  in  any  case  where  an  oath  is  made 
or  affidavit  taken,  shall  be  fined  not  more  than  one  thousand 
dollars  and  imprisoned  not  more  than  five  years. 

Sec.  81.  The  provisions  of  the  five  sections  last  preced- 
ing shall  apply  to  all  proceedings  had  or  taken,  or 
attempted  to  be  had  or  taken,  before  any  court  in  which 
any  proceedings  for  naturalization  may  be  commenced  or 
attempted  to  be  commenced,  and  whether  such  court  was 
vested  by  law  with  jurisdiction  in  naturalization  proceed 
ings  or  not. 

By  the  terms  of  section  341  of  the  Act  of  March  4,  1909, 
the  foregoing  sections  specifically  repealed  sections  5395, 
5424,  5425,  5426,  5428,  and  5429  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of 
the  United  States,  and  sections  16,  17,  and  19  of  the  Act  of 
June  29,  1906  (34  Stat.  L.,  pt.  1,  ch.  3592,  p.  596). 

EXPATRIATION  OF  CITIZENS. 

For  laws  regarding  this  subject,  and  protection  of  citizens 
abroad  see  Act  of  March  2,  1907,  34  Stat.  L.  part  I,  p.  1228. 

Naturalization  Regulations 

Department  of  Labor, 
Office  of  the  Secretary. 

Washington,  September  24,  1920. 

1.  Since  September  26,  1906,  naturalization  jurisdiction 
of  State  courts  is  confined  to  such  as  have  "a  seal,  a  clerk, 
and  jurisdiction  in  actions  at  law  or  equity,  or  law  and 
equity,  in  which  the  amount  in  controversy  is  unlimited." 

(Regulations  2  and  3  have  been  abrogated.) 

4.  Any  alien  who  declares  his  intention  after  June  29, 
1906,  and  files  his  petition  thereon,  must  sign  said  petition 
in  his  own  handwriting  and  must  be  able  to  speak  the  Eng- 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  39 

lish  language,  unless  excepted  by  the  provisos  in  section 
eight  of  the  naturalization  act.  If  an  alien  is  physically 
unable  to  speak,  that  fact  should  be  stated  in  his  petition  in 
lieu  of  the  statment,  "I  am  able  to  speak  the  English  lan- 
guage." Aliens  who  arrive  in  the  United  States  before 
reaching  18  years  of  age  can  not  obtain  citizenship  without 
making  declaration  of  intention,  which  may  be  made  in  a 
court  having  naturalization  jurisdiction  over  the  place  of 
their  established  residence  after  reaching  that  age. 

Regulations  5,  6,  7  and  8,  are  instructions  to  clerks  of 
courts  on  blanks  to  use  and  books  to  keep.  Not  important 
to  aliens. 

Where  the  applicant  is  actually  in  the  military  or  naval 

ice  during  tin-  time  this  country  is  engaged  in  the  present 

war  <>r  '  Q  honorably  discharged  therefrom  after  such 

service,  it   is  not  necessary  to  obtain  certificate  of  arrival. 

(See  rule  *J4  in  regard  to  cases  of  this  kind.) 

9.  No  certificate  of  naturalization  shall  be  issued  to  a 
petitioner  until  after  the  judge  of  the  court  granting 
naturalization  has  signed  the  order  to  that  effect. 

Regulations  10,  11  and  12  are  instructions  to  clerks  of 
rt  regarding  books  and  blanks  and  their  reports  to  the 
liureau.    Not  important  to  aliens. 

13.  Where   the   same   court   holds   sessions   at   different 
places,  whether  a  clerk  is  appointed  at  each  of  said  places 
or  the  one  clerk  is  required  to  transact  the  business  of  the 
court  wherever  it  may  sit,  separate  supplies  shall  be  kept, 
in  order  to  comply  with  the  requirements  of  section  14  of 
the  naturalization  act,  which  provides  that  the  bound  dec- 
larations of  intention  and   of  petitions  for  naturalization 
shall  be  in  chronological  order. 

14.  In  every  case  in  which  the  name  of  a  naturalized 
alien  is  changed  by  order  of  court,  as  provided  in  section  6. 
the  clerk  of  the  court  will  enter  on  the  reverse  side  of  the 
original  and  duplicate  copies  of  the  naturalization  certificate 

•  d  the  alien's  original  name,  using  the  following  form: 

"Name  changed  by  order  of  Court  from 

(  here  insert  original  name)." 

15.  On  the  first  working  day  of  each  month  the  clerk 
shall  inform  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  on  Form  2209  of 


40  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

the  date  of  posting  notice  on  Form  2206,  as  required  by  sec- 
tion 5,  and  of  the  day,  month,  and  year,  as  near  as  may  be, 
for  the  final  hearing  of  each  and  every  petition  for  naturali- 
zation filed  and  posted  during  the  preceding  month.  These 
reports  on  Form  2209  must  specify  only  the  petitions  filed 
in  the  month  to  which  the  report  relates  and  no  others. 
In  continued  cases  notice  on  Form  2206  must  be  amended  to 
show  the  postponed  date  and  remain  posted  until  final  action 
is  had. 

16.  On  the  first  working  day  of  each  month  following 
the  sitting  of  a  court  in  naturalization  cases  the  clerk  of 
such  court  shall  forward  to  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization 
on  Form  2210  a  list  containing  the  name  of  each  and  every 
alien  who,  during  such  sitting  of  court,  has  been  denied 
naturalization  and  shall  state  the  reason  or  reasons  for  such 
denial. 

17.  Application    for    lost    or    destroyed    naturalization 
papers  issued  prior  to  September  27,  1906,  should  be  dis- 
posed of  in  accordance  with  the  rules  in  force  in  the  court 
at  the  time  of  the  issuance  of  the  papers. 

The  following  rule  applies  exclusively  to  naturalization 
papers  issued  since  September  26,  1906. 

Applications  for  the  issuance  of  declarations  of  intention 
(Form  2203)  or  certificates  of  naturalization  (Form  2207), 
in  lieu  of  declarations  of  intention  or  certificates  of  naturali- 
zation claimed  to  have  ben  lost  or  destroyed,  shall  be  sub- 
mitted in  affidavit  form  to  the  clerk  of  the  court  by  which 
any  such  declarations  of  intention  or  certificates  of  natur- 
alization were  originally  issued,  and  shall  contain  full  in- 
formation in  regard  to  the  lost  or  destroyed  papers,  and  as 
to  the  time,  place  and  circumstances  of  such  alleged  loss  or 
destruction.  (Form  2225  prepared  for  this  purpose  may  be 
obtained  from  the  clerk  of  any  naturalization  court.)  The 
clerk  shall  forward  to  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  the 
above  mentioned  applications,  together  with  such  informa- 
tion as  he  may  have  bearing  upon  the  merits  thereof,  for  in- 
vestigation, and  no  such  paper  so  applied  for  shall  be  issued 
until  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  reports  the  results  of  its 
investigation  as  to  the  merits  of  the  application. 

In  every  case  in  which  the  clerk  of  the  court  issues,  in 
accordance  with  the  foregoing,  a  declaration  of  intention 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  41 

(Form  115)  or  a  Certificate  of  Naturalization  (Form  2207). 
upon  proof  of  the  loss  or  destruction  of  the  original,  he 
shall  make  an  entry  on  the  original  declaration  showing  the 
issuance  of  a  certified  copy,  or  on  the  stubs  of  both  the  new 
and  the  old  certificates  of  naturalization,  showing  the  issu- 
ance of  a  new  certificate,  giving  the  numbers  of  the  new 
and  old  certificates  and  on  the  margin  of  the  new  duplicate 
<ilo\vs:  ''Issued  in  lieu  of  Certificate  No.. . .  " 

One  certified  copy  of  declaration  of  intention  (Form  2215) 
or  certificate  of  naturalization  (Form  2216)  may  be  fur- 
nished by  the  clerk  of  the  issuing  court  under  his  hand  and 
the  seal  of  the  court  for  the  use  only  of  the  person  concerned 
to  establish  his  citizenship  status  in  connection  with  any 
entry  under  the  public  land  laws  of  the  United  States 

Unless  the  applicant  presents  to  the  clerk  his  original 
declaration  or  certificate  for  comparison,  these  forms  can 
under  no  conditions  be  issued.  In  case  the  alien  makes  a 
second  land  «-ntry  he  may  support  his  second  entry  by  des- 
cribing the  first  land  claim  with  which  his  declaration  or 
cert  ia  filed. 

The  fees  to  be  collected  for  the  issuance  of  each  of  the 
copies  of  declarations  of  intention  and  of  certificates  of 
naturalization  described  in  this  regulation,  and  the  dis- 
posal to  be  made  of  such  fees  when  collected,  will  be  deter- 
mined in  accordance  with  the  law  and  the  rules  in  force  in 
the  respective  courts.  No  part  of  these  fees  is  required  to 
be  forwarded  to  this  Department. 

18.  Original  declarations  of  intention,  or  certificates  of 
naturalization,  issued  subsequent  to  September  26,  1906,  and 
surrendered  to  the  General  Land  Office  in  support  of  entries 
upon  public  land,  may  be  returned  upon  proper  applica- 
tioii  to  the  ( 'niimiissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  Wash- 
ington.  J>.  ('.,   description  of  the  land  should  be  included, 
«_ri\inir  tin-  s««-tion  township,  and  range,  together  with  the 
date  and  place  of  making  the  entry.    The  original  will  then 

Mitnrd  by  the  General  Land  Office. 

19.  For  recording  the  affidavits  of  substituted  witnesses 
under  section  5,  of  the  Act  of  June  29,  1906,  blank  forms 
(Form  2218)  have  been  prepared  as  pasters  to  be  affixed  to 
the  backs  of  petitions  in  the  bound  volume,  following  the 


42  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

"Order  of  court  admitting  petitioner."  Copies  of  this  form 
may  be  procured  by  the  usual  requisition  (Form  2201). 
Do  not  send  copies  of  this  form  to  the  Bureau  of  Naturaliza- 
tion. Form  2218  need  not  be  used  where  space  has  been  pro- 
vided on  the  reverse  of  the  original  petition  in  the  bound 
volume  for  recording  particulars  regarding  substitute  wit- 
nesses. 

20.  Aliens  making  declaration  of  intention,  or  filing  peti- 
tions for  naturalization,  must  sign  their  names  in  full  and 
without  abbreviation  in  the  appropriate  places  on  the  various 
blank  forms,  and  the  entries  of  their  names  by  the  clerk 
must  correspond  in  every  particular.     Where  a  name  con- 
tains an  initial  which  is  used  only  to  distinguish  one  indi- 
vidual from  another  with  the  same  surname  that  fact  should 
be  noted  on  the  paper. 

21.  Clerks  of  courts  shall  not  receive  declarations  of  in- 
tention   (Form  2202)   or    file  petitions  for    naturalization 
(Form  2204)  from  other  aliens  than  white  persons  and  per- 

Sons  of  African  nativity  or  of  African  descent,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Filipinos  (referred  to  in  the  first  clause  of  the 
seventh  subdivision  of  section  4,  of  the  act  of  June  29,  1906, 
as  amended  by  the  act  of  May  9,  1918,  which  permits  the 
naturalization  of  Filipinos  under  certain  conditions). 

Any  alien,  other  than  a  Chinese  person,  who  claims  that 
he  is  a  white  person  in  the  sense  in  which  that  term  is  used 
in  section  2169,  R.  S.,  U.  S.,  should  be  allowed,  if  he  insists 
upon  it  after  an  explanation  is  made  showing  him  the  risk 
of  denial,  to  file  his  declaration  or  his  petition,  as  the  case 
may  be,  leaving  the  issue  to  be  determined  by  the  court. 

Declaration  should  not  be  received  from,  nor  petitions  for 
naturalization  filed  by,  persons  not  residing  in  the  judicial 
district  within  which  the  court  is  held. 

Regulations  22  and  23  are  instructions  to  clerks  of  court 
regarding  blanks  and  reports  of  fees  collected.  Not  inter- 
esting to  aliens. 

24.  (a)  Where  a  petition  for  naturalization  is  filed  under 
the  seventh  subdivision  of  section  4  by  an  honorably  dis- 
charged soldier,  sailor,  or  marine,  insert  after  the  informa- 
tion regarding  declaration  of  intention :  "I  am  an  honorably 
discharged  soldier,  sailor,  or  marine)  and  apply  for  citizen- 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  43 

ship  under  the  seventh  subdivision  of  section  4  of  the  act 
of  June  29,  1906,  as  amended.  I  enlisted  in  the  (name  of 
organization)  on  tin-  (day,  month,  and  year)."  That  por- 
tion of  the  last  paragraph  preceding  the  signature  of  the 
petitioner  relating  to  the  certificate  of  arrival  should  be 
stni.-k  through  when  the  alien  arrived  on  or  prior  to  June 
L"'.  1!)()f).  When  the  arrival  was  after  that  date,  none  of  the 
words  should  be  struck  through.  The  statement  following 
the  signature  of  the  petitioner  to  the  body  of  the  petition 
relating  to  the  certificate  of  arrival  should  be  struck  through 
in  eases  of  aliens  arriving  on  or  before  June  29,  1906;  but 
for  those  arriving  alter  that  date  none  of  the  words  should 
be  struck  through,  and  in  both  eases  the  entry  should  also  be 
made  "Honorable  discharge  certificate  of  petitioner  was  ex- 
hibited to  me  tl  — day  of—  — . "  An  appropriate 
note  should  also  b<-  entered  upon  the  stub  of  the  certificate 
•  •d  to  said  applicant.  (Sec.  2166,  Revised  Statute,  was 
expressly  repealed  by  sec.  2  of  the  act  approved  May  9, 
1918,  except  as  to  those  aliens  who,  prior  to  Jan.  1,  1900, 
served  in  the  Armies  of  the  United  States  and  were  honor- 
ably discharged  therefrom.) 

(b)  No  petition  may  be  legally  filed  under  the  seventh 
subdivision  <»!'  s.  ,  tion  4  of  the  act  of  June  29,  1906,  as  amend- 
ed by  the  act  of  May  9,  1918,  until  the  applicant  has  first 
passed    the  preliminary  examination  by  a  representative  of 
the  Bur. -an  of  Naturalization.     The  entries  to  be  made  and 
the  action  to  be  taken  by  the  clerk  of  court  in  a  petition  for 
naturalization  under  this  subdivision  will  be  explained  by  the 
representative  of  the  Bureau. 

(c)  Petitions  for  naturalization  under  the  sixth  subdivi- 
sion of  section  4  may  be  legally  filed  by  children  of  a  de- 
ceased declarant  only  after  such  children  who  were  minors 
at  the  time  of  the  death  of  the  father  have  attained  their 
majority,  and  provided  the  declaration  of  intention  filed  by 
the  father  is  not  less  than  two  nor  more  than  seven  years 
old.    Where  a  petition  is  filed  by  a  child  under  the  foregoing 
conditions,  the  fifth  assertion  should  be  altered  to  read:  "My 
father  declared  his  intention  to  become  a  citizen    of    the 

1  nited  States  on  the day  of—      — ,  A.  D. ,  and  died 

on  the—  -  day  of ,  A.  D. ." 

(d)  Where  a  petition  for  naturalization  is  filed  under  the 


44  WILSON'S  NATUEALIZATION  LAWS 

sixth  subdivision  of  section  4  by  the  widow  of  a  deceased 
declarant,  the  fifth  assertion  should  be  altered  to  correspond 
to  the  foregoing  in  relation  to  the  child,  with  the  exception 
that  the  word  "husband"  should  be  inserted  instead  of  the 
word  "father." 

(e)  In  the  last  two  cases  referred  to  the  words  in  the  para- 
graph   immediately    preceding    petitioner's    first    signature 
should  be  altered  to  show  that  the  father's  or  husband's 
declaration  (as  the  case  may  be),  or  a  certified  copy  thereof, 
is  attached  to  the  original  petition,  and  the  statement  of  the 
clerk  of  the  court  immediately  below  the  first  signature  of 
the  petitioner  should  be  changed  to  show  the  facts.    If  the 
petitioner  arrived  in  the  United  States  prior  to  June  29,  1906, 
the  words  in  statement  immediately  preceding  the  first  sig- 
nature of  petitioner  and  thereafter  having  reference  to  the 
certificate  of  arrival  should  also  be  struck  through.    If  the 
petitioner  arrived  in  the  United  States  after  June  29,  1906, 
certificate  of  arrival  must  be  obtained  in  accordance  with 
rule  5  of  these  regulations,  and  the  words  in  the  two  state- 
ments above  referred  to  should  remain  unaltered. 

(f)  Where   a  petition  for  naturalization  is  filed  by  the 
widow  of  an  alien,  based  upon  her  own  declaration  of  inten- 
tion, the  date  of  her  husband's  demise  should  be  shown  in  the 
fifth  assertion. 

(g)  Naturalization  papers  may  be  legally  filed  by  any  un- 
married woman  who  is  otherwise  qualified,  or  the  widow  of 
a  foreign-born  person  not  naturalized,  but  not  by  a  woman 
during  the  existence  of  the  marital  relation.     Notation  of 
the  fact  in  each  case  should  be  made  upon  the  face  of  each 
paper  before  it  is  issued. 

(h)  Certain  aliens  not  subjects  of  enemy  countries  are  per- 
mitted to  petition  for  naturalization  under  the  terms  of  the 
tenth  subdivision  of  section  4  of  the  act  of  June  29,  1906,  as 
amended  by  the  act  of  June  25,  1910  (now  repealed),  and 
amended  by  the  act  of  May  9,  1918,  without  proof  of  pre- 
vious declarations  of  intention.  Clerks  of  courts  should  state 
in  lieu  of  the  information  regarding  the  declaration  of  in- 
tention, "Filed  under  subdivision  10th,  section  4,  act  of 
June  29,  1906,  amended  by  act  of  May  9,  1918,"  and  the 
statement  following  the  first  signature  of  the  petitioner 
should  be  changed  so  as  to  read,  "Declaration  of  intention 


OP  THE  UNITED  STATES  45 

omitted  under  the  terms  of  subdivision  10th,  section  4,  act 
of  June  29,  1906,  as  amended  by  act  of  May  9,  1918."  Affida- 
vit setting  forth  particulars  as  to  the  reason  for  the  exemp- 
tion claimed  must  be  signed  and  sworn  to  by  the  petitioner  in 
triplicate  before  the  clerk  of  the  court  or  his  authorized 
deputy.  Tin-  affidavit  form  to  be  used  will  be  furnished  by 
the  liureau  as  the  individual  cases  arise,  and  not  upon  gen- 
eral requisition.  The  prescribed  affidavit  form  (not  an  affida- 
vit drawn  up  on  tin-  typewriter  or  otherwise)  should  be  used 
in  all  such  eases.  In  the  event  this  form  is  not  presented 
l»y  an  officer  in  tin-  Naturali/.ation  Service,  it  will  be  for- 
warded to  the  clerk  of  the  court  for  use  in  any  case  to  which 
it  relates,  after  examination  of  the  duplicate  petition  in  the 
luirraii.  iSuhjeets  of  riirinv  countries  who  were  entitled  to 
petition  for  nat  urali/.at  ion  under  the  act  of  June  25,  1910;  re- 
pealed, which  permitted  the  filing  <>f  petitions  under  certain 
conditions  without  the  tiling  of  declarations  of  intention  had 
such  rijjht  preserved  to  them  by  the  eleventh  subdivision  of 
on  \  of  the  act  of  June  L'II,  l!><Mi,  as  amended  by  the  act 
of  May  !'.  I'.H'v  When  tiling  petitions  in  such  cases  clerks 
>uld  make  the  same  entries  as  shown  above,  with 
the  exception  that  "llth"  should  he  entered  after  the  word 
.''division"  in  both  statements.) 

(i)  Where  a  petition  is  filed  under  the  eleventh  subdivi- 
sion of  section  4,  and  is  based  on  service  in  the  United  States 
Army,  Navy,  Marine  Corps,  or  Naval  Auxiliary  Service,  the 
dates  of  enlistment  and  discharge  should  be  shown,  and  the 
clerk  of  court  should  certify  immediately  above  the  state- 
ment that  declaration  of  intention  has  been  attached  to  the 
petition,  "Honorable  discharge  certificate  exhibited  to  me 
this  date."  (Where  the  petition  is  based  on  the  provisions 
of  the  act  of  June  25,  1910,  now  repealed,  the  assertion  in  the 
petition  having  reference  to  the  declaration  of  intention 
should  be  struck  through,  and  in  lieu  thereof  statement 
should  be  inserted  that  the  petition  is  lt  Filed  under  the  pro- 
visions of  subdivision  llth,  section  4,  of  the  act  of  June  29, 
1906,  as  amended  by  act  of  May  9,  1918,"  and  the  statement 
following  the  first  signature  of  the  petitioner  in  the  petition 
should  be  changed  so  as  to  read,  "Declaration  of  intention 
omitted  under  subdivision  llth,  section  4,  of  the  act  of  June 
29,  1906,  as  amended  by  act  of  May  9,  1918.") 


46  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

(k)  The  following  oath  of  allegiance  has  been  adopted 
for  all  who  come  within  the  provisions  of  subdivision  twelfth 
of  section  4:  "I  hereby  declare  on  oath,  that  I  absolutely 
and  entirely  renounce  and  abjure  all  allegiance  and  fidelity 
to  any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  state,  or  sovereignty ;  that  1 
will  support  and  defend  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the 
United  States  of  America  against  all  enemies,  foreign  and 
domestic,  and  that  I  will  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to  the 
same."  Anyone  who  is  deemed  to  have  expatriated  himself 
and  to  whom  the  provisions  of  subdivision  twelfth  are  appli- 
cable should  appear  before  the  appropriate  court,  or  if 
abroad,  American  consular  representative,  and  take  this  oath 
of  allegiance.  If  taken  abroad,  the  Form  131  should  be 
executed  in  duplicate  and  forwarded  to  the  Department  of 
State  by  the  consular  officer.  If  taken  in  the  United  States, 
Form  136  should  be  executed  in  triplicate,  and  two  copies 
forwarded  to  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization,  one  being  re- 
tained, as  a  part  of  the  court  records,  by  the  clerk  of  court. . 
AYhere  the  oath  is  taken  abroad  it  is  desirable  that  an  Ameri- 
can passport  should  be  issued  to  the  person  taking  such  oath 
to  enable  him  to  reenter  the  United  States,  and  thus  avoid 
any  difficulties  at  the  p-ort  of  entry  into  this  country. 

NOTE.— Section  2  of  the  act  of  March  2,  1907,  provides 
that  any  American  citizen  shall  be  deemed  to  have  ex- 
patriated himself  when  he  has  taken  an  oath  of  allegiance  to 
any  foreign  state.  The  last  proviso  of  that  section  is  as 
follows:  "And  provided  also,  That  no  American  shall  be 
allowed  to  expatriate  himself  when  this  country  is  at  war.'' 
In  view  of  the  foregoing,  the  oath  of  allegiance  will  not  be 
required  of  American  citizens  wTho  have  subscribed  to  an 
oath  of  allegiance  after  April  5,  1917,  for  the  purpose  of 
entering  the  military  or  naval  service  of  any  country  asso- 
ciated with  the  United  States  in  the  AYorld  War,  since  by 
this  last  proviso  they  are  not  allowed  to  expatriate  them- 
selves except  during  time  of  peace.  An  American  citizen 
who  took  an  oath  or  obligation  prior  to  April  6,  1917,  to  en- 
able him  to  serve  in  the  military  or  naval  forces  of  a  country 
which  was  at  war  with  a  country  with  which  the  United 
States  wa  sat  war,  and  thereby  expatriated  himself,  may  have 
his  American  citizenship  restored  by  complying  with  the 
terms  of  subdivision  twelfth. 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  47 

(1)  'Where  a  petition  is  filed  under  the  thirteenth  subdivi- 
sion of  section  4  the  alien  must  produce  a  declaration  of 
int.  nt ion  at  least  two  and  not  more  than  seven  years  old;  he 
must  obtain  certificate  of  arrival  if  he  came  to  the  United 
States  after  .June  29,  1906;  and  he  must  have  his  petition 
posted  for  at  least  90  days  before  the  final  hearing  hereof. 
Tin-  won  Is  having  reference  to  the  declaration  of  intention  in 
tlit-  petition  should  !>.•  struck  through,  and  in  lieu  thereof 
tin-  following  should  br  inserted:  "I  am  an  honorably  dis- 
charged member  of  -name  of  organization)  and  apply  for 
citizenship  under  subdivision  l:;th  of  section  4  of  the  act 
of  June  29,  1906,  as  amended  by  act  of  May  9,  1918.  I  enter- 
.-(1  the  state  branch  oi'  the  service  on  the  (day,  month,  and 
.d  was  discharged  (day,  month,  and  year)."  The 
clerk  of  court  should  certify  immediately  below  the  state- 
ment liavinir  reference  to  the  attaching  of  the  declaration 
••  Honorable  discharge  certificate  exhibited  to  me  this— 
day  of ." 

25.  So  far  as  practicable  the  clerks  of  courts  having  juris- 
diction under  the  provisions  of  the  naturalization  laws  will 
be  furnished,  upon  requisition  therefor  on  Form  2201,  with 
appropriately  addressed  envelopes  for  communicating  with 
the  Bureau.     When  not  using  such  envelopes,  however,  all 
communications,  in  addition  to  the  other  necessary  address, 
should  be  plainly  marked  "Bureau  of  Naturalization." 

26.  Clerks  of  courts  having    jurisdiction    to    naturalize 
under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  June  29,  1906,  are  re- 
quested, in  case  the  foregoing  rules  and  regulations  fail  to 
remove  from  their  minds  doubt  as  to  the  proper  course  of 
action  in  any  case,  to  write  to  the  Commissioner  of  Natur- 
alization, Bureau  of  Naturalization,  for  instructions  before 
taking  such  action. 

(Signed)     LOUIS  F.  POST,  Acting  Secretary. 


48  WILSON'S  NATUEALIZATION  LAWS 

QUESTIONS  USUALLY  ASKED  ON  EXAMINATION  OF 
APPLICANTS  FOR  NATURALIZATION. 

Question:     What  is  our  form  of  government? 

Answer:     A  republican  form  of  government. 

Q.     Who  is  the  ruler  in  the  United  States? 

A.     The  people. 

Q.     What  is  the  highest  law  in  the  United  States? 

A.     The  Constitution. 

Q.     Have  you  ever  read  the  Constitution? 

A.     I  have. 

Q.    By  whom  was  the  Constitution  made? 

A.  A  Constitutional  Congress  was  called  in  1787  after 
the  war  of  the  Revolution  had  been  concluded,  a  war  that 
took  place  between  the  13  original  colonies  of  the  United 
States  and  the  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain,  in  which  the  orig- 
inal thirteen  United  Colonies  gained  their  independence  from 
Great  Britain.  This  made  a  Constitution  that  was  accepted 
by  these  colonies. 

Q.     Has  the  Constitution  ever  been  amended? 

A.  It  has.  Eighteen  amendments  have  been  made  to  the 
Constitution.  To  amend  the  Constitution  the  amendment 
must  be  passed  by  a  two-thirds  majority  of  both  houses  "of 
Congress,  and  must  then  be  ratified  by  three-fourths  of  the 
existing  States  of  the  United  States. 

Q.     How  do  the  people  Rule? 

A.  Nationally  through  their  representatives  elected  by 
the  votes  of  the  people.  In  States  by  electing  representa- 
tives to  a  legislature  to  make  the  laws  and  electing  Judges, 
Governors  and  other  officials  by  their  votes,  or  ballots.  Also 
in  some  States  by  adopting  laws  direct,  through  petitions 
proposing  laws  and  the  adoption  of  such  laws  at  elections 
called  for  that  purpose.  (See  Initiative  and  Referendum). 

Q.     Do  all  the  people  Vote? 

A.  All  persons  who  are  citizens  over  the  age  of  21  can 
vote,  but  they  must  register,  that  is  qualify  beforehand  with 
the  Register  of  Voters,  by  voting  precincts  to  guard  against 
fraud  at  the  time  of  election. 

Q.     Do  Women  vote  ? 

A.  Yes,  since  adoption  of  XIX  Amendment  to  U.  S.  Con- 
stitution. 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  49 

Q.     How  is  the  Government  divided? 

A.  The  Government  is  divided  into  three  parts,  the  Leg- 
islative or  Congress,  the  Executive  or  the  President,  and  the 
Judicial,  the  United  States  Courts. 

Q.     How  are  the  general  laws  of  the  United  States  made? 

A.     By  Congress. 

Q.     Where  does  Congress  meet? 

A.     At  Washington. 

Q.     What  laws  can  Congress  make? 

A.  Only  laws  that  are  not  in  conflict  with  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States. 

Q.     How  is  Congress  constituted? 

A.  Congress  is  composed  of  two  houses — the  Senate  and 
the  House  of  Representatives. 

Q.  What  are  the  numbers  of  the  Senate  and  the  House 
of  Representatives  called? 

A.     Senators  and  Congressmen. 

Q.     How  are  the  Senators  elected? 

A.  Each  State  has  two  Senators  and  they  are  elected  by 
the  People  of  each  State,  directly. 

Q.     How  are  the  Congressmen  elected? 

A.  Each  State  has  the  number  of  Congressmen  propor- 
tionate to  its  population,  each  State  being  divided  into  the 
number  of  Congressional  Districts  to  which  its  population 
entitles  it,  and  each  District  elects  a  Congressman  by  vote 
of  the  people. 

Q.     How  long  do  Senators  serve? 

A.     For  six  years. 

Q.     How  long  do  Congressmen  serve? 

A.     For  two  years. 

Q.     Who  makes  the  Congressional  Districts? 

A.  They  are  made  by  Congress,  giving  each  State  as  many 
Congressmen  as  its  population  entitles  it,  and  the  Congres- 
sional Districts  are  then  fixed  by  the  Legislature  of  the 
State. 

Q.     How  many  Congressmen  are  there? 

A.     435,  one  for  about  every  211,000  inhabitants. 

Q.  After  Congress  passes  a  law,  what  is  necessary  for  it 
to  go  into  effect? 

A.  The  President  must  either  sign  the  law,  or  if  he  does 
not  sign  it,  it  becomes  a  law  ten  days  after  its  passage,  if 


50  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

Congress  is  still  in  session,  unless  the  President  in  the  mean- 
time should  veto  it. 

Q.     "What  is  meant  by  the  President  vetoing  a  bill? 

A.  Under  the  Constitution,  after  Congress  passes  a  law, 
the  President  can  either  approve  it  or  disapprove  it,  and  this 
disapproval  is  called  a  veto.  The  law  can  not  then  go  into 
effect  if  the  President  should  veto  it  unless  the  law  is  passed 
over  his  veto  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  both  houses  of  Congress. 

Q.     Who  elects  the  President  and  in  what  manner? 

A.  The  President  is  elected  indirectly  by  the  people,  as 
follows:  Every  four  years  there  are  elected  in  each  State 
according  to  the  population  of  the  State,  Presidential  elect- 
ors, and  these  electors  from  all  of  the  States  vote  for  a  Pres- 
ident and  a  Vice-President.  The  man  receiving  the  largest 
number  of  votes  for  President  is  elected  President,  and  the 
same  in  the  case  of  the  Vice-President.  The  people  do  not 
vote  directly  for  President.  These  electors  are  men  who  are 
nominated  by  the  various  political  parties  to  be  elected  as 
electors,  and  although  they  are  not  required  by  law  to  vote 
for  any  particular  man,  yet  as  they  are  nominated  by  differ- 
ent political  parties,  they  always  vote  for  the  man  who  has 
been  nominated  for  President  by  their  political  party. 

Q.  For  how  long  is  the  President  elected,  and  what  are 
his  duties! 

A.  The  President  is  elected  for  four  years,  and  is  eligi- 
ble for  re-election.  He  is  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army 
and  Navy,  and  it  is  his  principal  duty  to  see  that  the  Con- 
stitution and  laws  of  the  United  States  are  enforced.  With 
the  consent  of  the  Senate,  he  appoints  all  the  United  States 
Judges,  foreign  Ambassadors,  Secretaries  of  Departments 
(called  his  Cabinet)  and  Commissions  all  the  officers  of  the 
Army  and  Navy.  He  performs  such  other  duties  as  are  im- 
posed upon  him  by  Congress. 

Q.     How  is  the  Vice-President  elected! 

A.     He  is  elected  in  the  same  manner  as  the  President. 

Q.     What  are  the  duties  of  the  Vice-President ! 

A.  He  presides  over  the  Senate,  and  in  case  of  the  death 
of  the  President,  he  becomes  President. 

Q.    What  is  the  Judicial  Branch  of  the  Government ! 

A.    It  consists  of  the  United  States  Courts. 


OP  THE  UNITED  STATES  51 

Q.     What  are  these? 

A.  They  consist  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  and  of  such  inferior  Courts  as  Congress  may  consti- 
tute. 

Q.     What  is  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States? 

A.  It  consists  of  one  Chief  Justice  and  eight  Associate 
Justices,  who  are  appointed  by  the  President  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  United  States  Senate,  and  the  Supreme  Court 
has  the  power  to  decide  whether  laws  passed  by  Congress 
are  in  accordance  with  the  Constitution  or  not,  and  if  the 
Supreme  Court  decides  that  the  laws  passed  by  Congress  are 
unconstitutional,  then  such  laws  have  no  effect. 

Q.  What  other  United  States  Courts  are  there  besides  the 
Supreme  Court? 

A.  District  Courts,  Circuit  Courts  and  Circuit  Courts  of 
Appeal,  between  the  Circuit  Courts  and  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court,  and  the  Judges  of  these  Courts  are  appointed 
by  the  President  with  the  advice  of  the  Senate,  and  are  gene- 
rally known  as  Federal  Judges. 

Q.     Does  Congress  make  the  laws  for  the  States? 

A.  It  does  only  in  such  cases  as  are  allowed  by  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  but  each  State  has  a  Legis- 
lature which  is  modeled  for  each  State  like  Congress  is  mod- 
eled for  the  United  States. 

Q.     What  are  the  Legislatures  of  the  various  States? 

A.  The  Legislature  of  each  State  consists  of  the  State 
Senate  and  an  Assembly.  Each  State  is  divided,  according 
to  the  laws  of  the  State,  into  a  certain  number  of  Senatorial 
Districts  and  Assembly  Districts,  and  the  State  Senators  and 
Assemblymen  who  are  members  of  these  two  branches  of  the 
Legislature,  are  elected  directly  by  the  people  of  the  State. 

Q.  For  what  term  are  the  State  Senators  and  Assembly- 
men elected? 

A.  The  State  Senators  are  elected  for  four  years  and  the 
Assemblymen  for  two  years. 

Q.  Into  how  many  branches  are  State  governments  di- 
vided ? 

A.  Into  the  same  number  of  branches  as  the  United 
States  Government  is  divided,  the  Executive  or  Governor, 
the  Legislative  or  the  State  Legislature,  and  the  Judicial  or 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  such  other  inferior 


52  WILSON'S  NATUKALIZATION  LAWS 

courts  as  the  Legislature  may  constitute. 

Q.     How  is  the  Governor  elected? 

A.  The  Governor  of  a  State  is  elected  by  the  votes  of 
the  people. 

Q.     Do  States  have  Constitutions  ? 

A.  Yes.  Each  State  has  a  Constitution  of  its  own,  but 
not  conflicting  with  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Q.     What  are  the  duties  of  the  Governor  ? 

A.  His  duties  are  to  see  that  the  laws  of  the  State  are 
enforced,  and  he  has  the  right  to  veto  any  law  that  is  passed 
by  the  Legislature.  If  he  vetoes  the  laws  passed  by  the 
Legislature,  they  must  be  re-enacted  by  a  two-thirds  major- 
ity of  both  houses  of  the  Legislature  to  go  into  effect.  He  is 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the  State  Militia. 

Q.     What  is  the  INITIATIVE? 

A.  In  most  of  the  States,  the  voters  can  sign  a  petition 
in  favor  of  a  law,  file  the  petition  with  the  Secretary  of  State 
of  the  State  and  the  proposed  law  is  placed  on  the  ballot  at 
the  next  election.  If  a  majority  of  the  voters  then  vote  for 
the  proposed  law  it  becomes  a  law. 

Q.     What  is  the  REFERENDUM  ? 

A.  When  the  Legislature  of  a  State  submits  a  proposed 
law  to  the  voters  or  the  voters  file  a  petition  to  have  the  law 
submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people  before  it  can  become  effec- 
tive. The  voters  at  the  next  election  can  then  either  vote 
to  adopt  it  or  reject  it. 

Q.     What  is  the  RECALL  ? 

A.  The  right  of  the  voters  to  dismiss,  at  an  election  called 
for  that  purpose,  a  person  holding  a  public  office. 

Q.     How  is  this  done? 

A.  Registered  voters,  in  sufficient  number,  sign  a  petition 
to  recall  an  office  holder.  Unless  the  office  holder  resigns  a 
special  election  is  called  and  if  a  majority  of  the  voters  vote 
to  recall  him,  the  office  holder  is  dismissed  from  his  office. 
At  the  same  election  another  person  may  be  elected  to  the 
office  after  his  name  has  been  placed  on  the  ballot  of  recall 
by  petition.  If  the  person  thus,  nominated  receives  a  ma- 
jority of  votes  he  is  elected  to  the  office,  while  the  holder  of 
the  office  is  dismissed.  The  percentage  of  registered  voters 
that  is  required  to  sign  a  petition  to  recall  an  officer  holder 
varies  in  different  States,  but  is  usually  about  15  per 
cent.  Not  all  States  have  laws  providing  for  Initiative, 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  58 

and  Krrall,  only  such  as  have  these  provisions 
in  thrir  St;it«-  < 'oust  it  ui  ions.  No  such  laws  apply  to  persons 
holding  ot'tii-c  under  tin-  1'Vdoral  (National)  Government. 

Q.     How  are  cities  governed  in  the  United  States! 

A.  Some  are  governed  under  laws  passed  by  the  Legis- 
lature, or  by  Charter  granted  to  the  Cities.  Some  cities  in 
the  United  States  are  governed  by  a  Mayor  and  the  City 
Council,  and  some  are  governed  by  Commissioners. 

Q.     How  are  these  elected! 

A.     By  the  votes  of  the  people  residing  in  the  city. 

Q.  Are  all  the  people  living  in  a  City,  County  or  State 
allowed  to  vote! 

A.  No,  only  those  who  have  lived  in  a  City,  County  or 
State  for  the  time  required  by  the  laws  of  the  State,  and 
who  have  registered  to  vote  as  required  by  the  laws  of  the 
State. 

Q.     Into  what  are  States  divided! 

A.  Each  State  is  divided  into  the  number  of  Counties 
convenient  for  its  local  government. 

Q.     Who  governs  in  the  various  Counties! 

A.  The  general  local  rules  of  government  in  each  County 
are  called  Ordinances  and  are  passed  by  the  Board  of  Super- 
visors who  are  elected  by  the  people. 

Q.     How  are  laws  for  a  city  enacted! 

A.  The  City  Council  or  City  Commissioners,  as  the  case 
may  be,  pass  the  laws  for  the  City  that  are  in  accordance 
with  its  Charter  and  with  the  State  laws.  In  some  cities 
the  members  of  the  City  Council  are  called  Councilmen  and 
in  others  they  are  called  Aldermen.  Some  cities  have  two 
branches  of  the  Council  called  the  Select  Council  and  the 
Common  Council  according  to  the  laws  or  Charters  provided 
for  such  Cities. 

Q.     How  are  Charters  for  Cities  obtained! 

A.  As  a  rule  City  Charters  are  adopted  by  a  vote  of  the 
people  qualified  to  vote  in  each  Oity,  and  are  then  passed  by 
the  Legislature  of  the  State. 


54  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

Declaration  of  Independence 

In  Congress,  July  4th,  1776. 

THE  UNANIMOUS  DECLARATION  OF  THE  THIRTEEN 
UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

When,  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  becomes  necessary 
for  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political  bands  which  have 
connected  them  with  another,  and  to  assume,  among  the 
powers  of  the  earth,  the  separate  and  equal  station  to  which 
the  laws  of  nature  and  of  nature's  God  entitle  them,  a  decent 
respect  to  the  opinions  of  mankind  requires  that  they  should 
declare  the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident:  that  all  men  are 
created  equal ;  that  they  are  endowed,  by  their  creator,  with 
certain  inalienable  rights ;  that  among  these  are  life,  liberty, 
and  the  pursuit  of  happiness.  That  to  secure  these  rights, 
governments  are  instituted  among  men,  deriving  their  just 
powers  from  the  consent  of  the  governed;  that  whenever 
any  form  of  government  becomes  destructive  of  these  ends, 
it  is  the  right  of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish  it,  and  to 
institute  a  new  government,  laying  its  foundation  on  such 
principles,  and  organizing  its  powers  in  such  form  as  to  them 
shall  seem  most  likely  to  affect  their  safety  and  happiness. 
Prudence,  indeed,  will  dictate,  that  governments  long  estab- 
lished should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient  causes ; 
and  accordingly,  all  experience  hath  shown,  that  mankind 
are  more  disposed  to  suffer  while  evils  are  sufferable,  than  to 
right  themselves  by  abolishing  the  forms  to  which  they  are 
accustomed.  But  when  a  long  train  of  abuses  and  usurpa- 
tions, pursuing  invariably  the  same  object,  evinces  a  design 
to  reduce  them  under  absolute  despotism,  it  is  their  right,  it 
is  their  duty  to  throw  off  such  government,  and  to  provide 
new  guards  for  their  future  security.  Such  has  been  the 
patient  sufferance  of  these  colonies ;  and  such  is  now  the  ne- 
cessity which  constrains  them  to  alter  their  former  systems 
of  government.  The  history  of  the  present  king  of  Great 
Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries  and  usurpations,  all 
having  in  direct  object  the  establishment  of  an  absolute 
tyranny  over  these  states.  To  prove  this,  let  facts  be  sub- 
mitted to  a  candid  world. 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  55 

He  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  wholesome  and 
necessary  for  the  public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  governors  to  pass  laws  of  immedi- 
ate and  pressing  importance,  unless  suspended  in  their  ope- 
ration, till  his  assent  should  be  obtained;  and  when  so  sus- 
pended, he  has  utterly  neglected  to  attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accommodation 
of  large  districts  of  people,  unless  those  people  would  re- 
linquish the  right  of  representation  in  the  legislature — a 
right  inestimable  to  them,  and  formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

lie  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual, 
uncomfortable,  and  distant  from  the  repository  of  their  pub- 
lic records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  fatiguing  them  into  com- 
pliance with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  representative  houses  repeatedly  fur  op- 
posing, with  manly  firmness,  his  invasions  on  the  rights  of 
the  people. 

He  has  refused,  for  a  long  time  after  such  dissolutions,  to 
cause  others  to  be  elected;  whereby  the  legislative  powers, 
incapable  of  annihilation,  have  returned  to  the  people  at 
large,  for  their  exercise,  the  state  remaining,  in  the  mean 
time,  exposed  to  all  the  dangers  of  invasion  from  without, 
and  convulsions  within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these 
states ;  for  that  purpose  obstructing  the  laws  for  naturaliza- 
tion of  foreigners ;  refusing  to  pass  others  to  encourage  their 
migration  hither,  and  raising  the  conditions  of  new  appro- 
priations of  lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice,  by  re- 
fusing his  assent  to  laws  for  establishing  judiciary  powers. 

He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone,  for  the 
tenure  of  their  offices,  and  the  amount  and  payment  of  their 
salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and  sent  hither 
swarms  of  officers,  to  harass  our  people,  and  eat  out  their 
substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace,  standing  armies, 
without  the  consent  of  our  legislatures. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  independent  of,  and 
superior  to,  the  civil  power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisdic- 


56  WILSON'S  N^TUEALIZATION  LATVS 

tion  foreign  to  our  constitution,  and  unacknowledged  by  our 
laws ;  giving  his  assent  to  their  acts  of  pretended  legislation : 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops  among  us : 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  punishment 
for  any  murders  which  they  should  commit  on  the  inhabi- 
tants of  these  states : 

For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the  world : 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent : 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits  of  trial 
by  jury: 

For  transporting  us  beyond  seas  to  be  tried  for  pretended 
offenses : 

For  abolishing  the  free  system  of  English  laws  in  a  neigh- 
boring province,  establishing  therein  an  arbitrary  govern- 
ment, and  enlarging  its  boundaries,  so  as  to  render  it  at  once 
an  example  and  fit  instrument  for  introducing  the  same  ab- 
solute rule  into  these  colonies: 

For  taking  away  our  charters,  abolishing  our  most  valu- 
able laws,  and  altering,  fundamentally,  the  forms  of  our  gov- 
ernment : 

For  suspending  our  own  legislatures,  and  declaring  them- 
selves invested  with  power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases 
whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  government  here  by  declaring  us  out  of 
his  protection,  and  waging  war  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts,  burnt  our 
towns  and  destroyed  the  lives  of  our  people. 

He  is  at  this  time  transporting  large  armies  of  foreign  mer- 
cenaries to  complete  the  works  of  death,  desolation,  and 
tryanny  already  begun,  with  circumstances  of  cruelty  and 
perfidy  scarcely  paralleled  in  the  most  barbarous  ages,  and 
totally  unworthy  the  head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken  captive  on 
the  high  seas,  to  bear  arms  against  their  country,  to  become 
the  executioners  of  their  friends  and  brethren,  or  to  fall 
themselves  by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  among  us,  and  has 
endeavored  to  bring  on  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers  the 
merciless  Indian  savages,  whose  known  rule  of  warfare  is 
an  undistinguished  destruction  of  all  ages,  sexes,  and  con- 
ditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions  we  have  petitioned  for 


OP  THE  UNITED  STATES  57 

redress  in  the  most  humble  terms;  our  repeated  petitions 
have  been  answered  only  by  repeated  injury.  A  prince 
whose  character  is  thus  marked  by  every  act  which  may  de- 
fine a  tyrant  is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attentions  to  our  British 
brethren.  We  have  warned  them,  from  time  to  time,  of  at- 
tempts by  their  legislature  to  extend  an  unwarrantable  juris- 
diction over  us.  We  have  reminded  them  of  the  circum- 
stances of  our  emigration  and  settlement  here.  We  have  ap- 
pealed to  their  native  justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have 
conjured  them  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kindred  to  dis*- 
avow  these  usurpations,  which  would  inevitably  interrupt 
our  connections  and  correspondence.  They,  too,  have  been 
deaf  to  the  voice  of  justice  and  consanguinity.  We  must, 
therefore,  acquiesce  in  the  necessity  which  denounces  our 
separation,  and  hold  them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind, 
enemies  in  war,  in  peace  friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  representatives  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  in  General  Congress  assembled,  appealing  to 
the  Supreme  Judge  of  the  world  for  the  rectitude  of  our 
intentions,  do,  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority  of  the 
good  people  of  these  colonies,  solemnly  publish  and  declare 
that  these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be, 
free  and  independent  States;  that  they  are  absolved  from 
all  allegiance  to  the  Britsh  crown,  and  that  all  political 
connection  between  them  and  the  State  of  Great  Britain  is 
and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved;  and  that,  as  free  ana 
independent  States,  they  have  full  power  to  levy  war,  con- 
clude peace,  contract  alliance,  establish  commerce,  and 
to  do  all  other  acts  and  things  which  independent  States 
may  of  right  do.  And  for  the  support  of  this  declaration, 
with  a  firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine  Providence, 
we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  lives,  our  fortunes, 
and  our  sacred  honor. 

Signed  by  order  and  in  behalf  of  the  Congress. 

JOHN  HANCOCK,  President. 
Attested,  CHARLES  THOMPSON,  Secretary. 


58  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

Constitution  of  the  United  States 


Preamble. 

We  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a 
more  perfect  union,  establish  ^justice,  insure  domestic  tran 
quility,  provide  for  the  common  defence,  promote  the 
general  welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  our- 
selves and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Con- 
stitution for  the  United  States  of  America. 

The  Legislative  Department. 
ARTICLE  I. 

Section  1. 

1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted,  shall  be  vested 
in  a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of 
a  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives. 

Section  2. 

1.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of 
members  chosen  every  second  year  by  the  people  of  the 
several  States;  and  the  electors  in  each  State  shall  have 
the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of  the  most  numerous 
branch  of  the  State  Legislature. 

2.  No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  shall  not 
have  attained  to  the  age  of  twenty-five  years,   and   been 
seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall 
not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  in  which 
he  shall  be  chosen. 

3.  Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned 
among  the  several  States  which  may  be  included  within 
this  Union,  according  to  their  respective  numbers,  which 
shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  the  whole  number  of  free 
persons,  including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of 
years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all 
other  persons.    The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  with- 
in three  years  after  the  first  meeting  of  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States,   and  within  every  subsequent  term   of 
ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct.    The 
number  of  representatives  shall  not  exceed  one  for  every 
thirty  thousand,   but   each   State   shall  have   at   least   one 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  59 

representative;  and  until  such  enumeration  shall  be  made, 
the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to  choose 
three;  Massachusetts,  eight;  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations,  one;  Connecticut,  five;  New  York,  six;  New 
Jersey,  four;  Pennsylvania,  eight;  Delaware,  one;  Mary- 
land, six;  Virginia,  ten;  North  Carolina,  five;  South  Caro- 
lina, five;  and  Georgia,  three* 

4.  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from 
any  State,  the  executive  authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs 
of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their 
Speaker  and  other  officers,  and  shall  have  the  sole  power 
of  impeachment. 

Section  3. 

1      Tl.e  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed 

wo  Senators  from  each  State,  chosen  by  the  legislature 

thereof  for  six  years;  and  each  Senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

(Bee   Amendment   XVII.) 

2.  Immediately  aftor  they  shall  be  assembled  in  conse- 
quence of  tht   lirst  election,  they  shall  be  divided  as  equally 
as  may  be  into  three  classes.     The  seats  of  the  Senators  of 
the   first  class  shall   be   vacated   at  the  expiration  of  the 
second  year,  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the 
fourth  year,  and  of  the  third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the 
sixth  year,  so  that  one  third  may  be  choosen  every  second 
year;  and  if  vacancies  happen,  by  resignation  or  otherwise, 
during    the    recess    of    the    legislature    of    any    State,    the 

?e  thereof  may  nmke  temporary  appointments  until 
the  next  meeting  of  the  legislature,  which  shall  then  fill 
such  vacancies. 

3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have  at- 
tained to  the  age  of  thirty  years,  and  been  nine  years  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected, 
he  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

4.  The    Vice-President    of    the    United    States    shall    be 
President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote  unless  they 
be  equally  divided. 

5.  The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also 
a  President  pro  tempore  in  the  absence  of  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent, or  when  he  shall  exercise  the  office  of  President  of 
the  United  States. 


60  WILSON'S  NATUKALIZATION  LAWS 

6.  The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  im- 
peachments.   When  sitting  for  that  purpose,  they  shall  be 
on  oath  or  affirmation.    When  the  President  of  the  United 
States  is  tried,  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside;  and  no  per- 
son shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds 
of  the  members  present. 

7.  Judgment  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  not  extend 
further  than  to  removal  from  office,  and  disqualification  to 
hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit  under 
the  United  States;  but  the  party  convicted  shall  neverthe- 
less be  liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and 
punishment,  according  to  law. 

Section  4. 

1.  The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for 
Senators  and  Representatives  shall  be  prescribed  in  each 
State  by  the  legislature  thereof;  but  the  Congress  may  at 
any  time,  by  law,  make  or  alter  such  regulations,  except 
as  to  the  places  of  choosing  Senators. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every 
year;  and  such  meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in 
December,  unless  they  shall  by  law  appoint  a  different  day. 

Section  5. 

1.  Each  house  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  elections,  returns, 
and  qualifications  of  its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of 
each  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do  business ;  but  a  smaller 
number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  may  be  author- 
ized to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members,  in  such 
manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house  may  provide. 

2.  Each  house  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceed- 
ings, punish  its  members  for  disorderly  behavior,  and  with 
the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a  member. 

3.  Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings, 
and  from  time  to  time  publish  the  same,  excepting  such 
parts  as  may  in  their  judgment  require  secrecy;  and  the 
yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  house  on  any  ques- 
tion shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be 
entered  on  the  journal. 

4.  Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall, 
without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  61 

three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  the 
two  houses  shall  be  sitting. 

Section  6. 

1.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  recieve  a  com- 
pensation for  their  services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and 
paid  out  of  the  treasury  of  tl;e  United  States.    They  shall, 
in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace, 
be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  ses- 
sion of  their  respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  and  return- 
ing from  the  same;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either 
house  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

2.  No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time 
for  which  he  was  elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil  office 
under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  have 
been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall  have  been 
increased,  during  such  time;  and  no  person  holding  any 
office  under  the  United  States  shall  be  a  member  of  either 
house  during  his  continuance  in  office. 

Section  7. 

1.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the 
House  of  Representatives;  but  the  Senate  may  propose  or 
concur  with  amendments,  as  on  other  bills. 

2.  Every    bill   which   shall   have   passed   the   House   of 
Representatives  and  the  Senate,  shall,  before  it  become  a 
law,  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States;  if 
he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it;  but  if  not,  he  shall  return 
it,  with  his  objections,  to  that  house  in  which  it  shall  have 
originated;  who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their 
journal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  it.    If  after  such  recon- 
sideration, two-thirds  of  that  house  shall  agree  to  pass  the 
bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objections,  to  the 
other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered;  and 
if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  house,  it  shall  become 
a  law.    But  in  all  such  cases  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall 
be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the 
persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on 
the  journal  of  each  house  respectively.     If  any  bill  shall 
not  bo  returned  by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sundays 
excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  the  same 
shall  be  a  law  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless 
the  Congress  by  their  adjournment  prevent  its  return,  in 


62  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

3.  Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote,  to  which  the  con- 
currence of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  may 
be  necessary  (except  on  a  question  of  adjournment),  shall 
be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States;  and 
before  the  same  shall  take  effect,  shall  be  approved  by 
him;  or  being  disapproved  by  him,  shall  be  repassed  by 
two-thirds  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  ac- 
cording to  the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed  in  the  case 

of  a  bill. 

Section  8. 

1.  The   Congress  shall   have  power   to  lay   and   collect 
taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts  and  pro- 
vide for  the  common  defense  and  general  welfare  of  the 
United  States;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be 
uniform  throughout  the  United  States. 

2.  To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States. 

3.  To    regulate    commerce    with    foreign    nations,    and 
among  the  several  States,  and  with  the  Indian  tribes : 

4.  To   establish   a  uniform   rule   of  naturalization,   anJ 
uniform  laws  on  the  subject  of  bankruptcies  throughout  the 
United  States: 

5.  To   coin  money,   regulate   the   value   thereof  and   of 
foreign    coin,    and    to    fix    the    standard    of    weights    and 
measures : 

6.  To  provide  for  the  punishment;  of  counterfeiting  the 
securities  and  current  coin  of  the  United  States : 

7.  To  establish  post-offices  and  post-roads: 

8.  To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts, 
by  securing  for  limited  times,  to  authors  and  inventors,  the 
exclusive  right  to  their  respective  writings  and  discoveries: 

9.  To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court : 

10.  To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed 
on  the  high  seas,  and  offences  against  the  law  of  nations. 

11.  To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal, 
and  make  rules  concerning   captures   on  land   and  water : 

12.  To  raise  and  support  armies;  but  no  appropriation 
of  money  to  that  use  shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than  two 
years : 

13.  To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy : 

14.  To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation 
of  the  land  and  naval  forces : 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  63 

15.  To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the 
laws    of    the    Union,    suppress    insurrections,    and    repel 
invasions : 

16.  To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining 
the  militia,  and  for  governing  such  parts  of  them  as  may  be 
employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States;  reserving  to 
tin'  States  respectively  the  appointment  of  the  officers  and 
tin-  authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  dis- 
cipline prescribed  by  Congr< 

17.  To  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatso- 
ever, over  such  district   (not  exceeding  ten  miles  square) 
as  may,  by  cession  <>f  particular  States,  and  the  acceptance 

•ome  the  seat  of  government  of  the  United 

States;  ami  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  pur- 

tlie  consent  of  the  legislature   of  the  State  in 

which   th.    same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  maga- 

ursrimls,  dockyards,  and  other  needful  buildings: — 

and 

18.  To  'make    all    laws   which   shall   be   necessary   and 

:'or  carrying  into  execution  the  foregoing  powers, 
and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this  Constitution  in  the 
government  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  department  or 

officer  thereof. 

Section  9. 

1.  The  immigration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as 
any  of  the  States  now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit, 
shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Congress  prior  to  the  year 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight;  but  a  tax  or  duty 
may  be  imposed  on  such   importation  not  exceeding  ten 
dollars  for  each  person. 

2.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not 
be  suspended,  unless  when,  in  cases  .of  rebellion  or  invasion, 
the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

3.  No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall   be 
passed. 

4.  N<»  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless 
in   proportion   to  the  census   or   enumeration  hereinbefore 
directed  to  be  taken. 

5.  No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from 
any  State.    No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation 
of  commerce  or  revenue  to  the  ports  of  one  State  over  those 
of  another;  nor  shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one  State 


64  WILSON'S  NATUEALIZATION  LAWS 

be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another. 

6.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury,  but  in 
consequence  of  appropriations  made  by  law;  and  a  regular 
statement  and  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of 
all  public  money  shall  be  published  from  time  to  time. 

7.  No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United 
States;  and  no  person  holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust 
under  them,  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  accept 
of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title,  of  any  kind  what- 
ever, from  any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  state. 

Section  10. 

1.  No  State  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  con- 
federation;   grant   letters    of   marque    and   reprisal;    coin 
money;  emit  bills  of  credit;  make  anything  but  gold  and 
silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts;  pass  any  bill  of 
attainder,  ef.  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obliga- 
tion of  contracts;  or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

2.  No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay 
any  imposts  or  duties  on  imports  or  exports,  except  what 
may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing  its  inspection 
laws;  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and  imposts  laid  by 
any  State  on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the 
treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  all  such  laws  shall  be 
subject  to  the  revision  and  control  of  Congress. 

3.  No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay 
any  duty  on  tonnage,  keep  troops  or  ships  of  war  in  time 
of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact  with  another 
State,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or  engage  in  war,  unless 
actually  invaded,  or  in  such  imminent  danger  as  will  not 
admit  of  delay. 

ARTICLE  II. 

The  Executive  Department 
Section  1. 

1.  The  executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President 
of  the  United  States  of  America.     He  shall  hold  his  office 
during  the  term  of  four  years ;  and,  together  with  the  Vice- 
President,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be  elected  as  follows: 

2.  Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  legis- 
lature thereof  may  direct,  a  number  of  electors  equal  to 
the  whole  number  of  Senators  and  Representatives  to  which 
the  State  may  be  entitled  in  Congress;  but  no  Senator  or 
Representative,  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  66 

under  the  United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  elector. 

3.  The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and 
vote  by  ballot  for  two  persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall 
not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves. 
And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the  persons  voted  for, 
and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each;  which  list  they  shall 
sign  and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the 
government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President 
of  the  Senate.     The  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the 
presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open 
all  the  certificates,   and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted. 
The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be 
President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  num- 
ber of  electors  appointed;  and  if  there  be  more  than  one 
who  have  such  a  majority,  and  have  an  equal  number  of 
votes,  then  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  immediately 
choose,  by  ballot,  one  of  them  for  President;  and  if  no  per- 
son have  a  majority,  then,  from  the  five  highest  on  the  list, 
the  said  House  shall,  in  like  manner,  choose  a  President. 
But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be  taken  by 
States,  the  representation  from  each  State  having  one  vote; 
a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or 
members  from   two-thirds   of  the   States,   and   a  majority 
of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.     In  every 
case  after  the  choice  of  the  President,  the  person  having 
the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  electors  shall  be  Vice- 
President.     But  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who 
have  equal  votes,  the  Senate  shall  choose  from  them,  by 
ballot,  the  Vice-President. 

4.  The   Congress   may  determine   the  time   of  choosing 
the  electors,  and  the  day  on  which  they  shall  give  their 
votes,  which  day  shall  be  the  same  throughout  the  United 
States. 

5.  No  person  except  a  natural  born  citizen,  or  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this 
Constitution,  shall  be  eligible  to  the   office  of  President: 
neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office  who  shall 
not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty-five  years,  and  been 
fourteen  years  a  resident  within  the  United  States. 

6.  In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office, 
or  of  his  death,  resignation,  or  inability  to  discharge  the 
powers  and  duties  of  the  said  office,  the  same  shall  devolve 


66  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

on  the  Vice-President;  and  the  Congress  may,  by  law,  pro- 
vide for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability, 
both  of  the  President  and  Vice-President,  declaring  what 
officer  shall  then  act  as  President;  and  such  officer  shall 
act  accordingly,  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  a  Presi- 
dent shall  be  elected. 

7.  The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his 
services  a  compensation,  which  shall  neither  be  increased 
nor  diminished  during  the  period  for  which  he  shall  have 
been  elected;  and  he  shall  not  receive  within  that  period 
any  other  emolument  from  the  United  States,  or  any  of 
them-. 

8.  Before  he  enters  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he 
shall  take  the  following  oath  or  affirmation : 

"I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully 
execute  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States;  and 
will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  preserve,  protect,  and  defend 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

Section  2. 

1.  The   President   shall   be   Commander-in-chief   of   the 
army  and  navy  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  militia 
of  the  several  States,  when  called  into  the  actual  service 
of   the   United   States.     He   may   require   the   opinion,   in 
writing,  of  the  principal  officer  in  each  of  the  executive 
departments,  upon   any  subject  relating  to  the  duties   of 
their  respective  offices;  and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant 
reprieves  and  pardons  for  offences  against  the  United  States, 
except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

2.  He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided  two-thirds 
of  the  Senators  present  concur ;  and  he  shall  nominate,  and, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  shall 
appoint  ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers  and  con- 
suls, judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  all  other  officers 
of  the  United  States  whose  appointments  are  not  herein 
otherwise  provided  for,  and  which  shall  be  established  by 
law.    But  the  Congress  may,  by  law,  vest  the  appointment 
of  such  inferior  officers  as  they  -think  proper,  in  the  Presi- 
dent alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  depart- 
ments. 

3.  The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  67 

that  may  happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  grant- 
ing commissions,   which   expire   at  the   end   of  their  next 

session. 

Section  3 

1.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  Congress  infor- 
mation of  the  state  of  the  Union,  and  recommend  to  their 
consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and 
expedient.  lie  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene 
both  houses,  or  either  of  them;  and  in  case  of  disagreement 
between  them,  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment, 
he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think  proper. 
He  shall  receive  ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers. 
He  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed; 
and  shall  commission  all  officers  of  the  United  States. 

Section  4. 

1.  The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all  civil  officers  of 
the  United  States,  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeach- 
ment for,  and  conviction  of,  treason,  bribery,  or  other  high 
.•rimes  and  misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE  III. 

The  Judicial  Department. 

Section  1. 

1.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be 
vested  in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts 
as  Congress  may,  from  time  to  time,  ordain  and  establish. 
The  judges,  both  of  the  supreme  and  inferior  courts,  shall 
hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior;  and  shall,  at  stated 
times,  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation,  which  shall 
not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 

Section  2. 

1.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases  in  law 
and  equity  arising  under  this  Constitution,  the  laws  of  the 
United  States,  and  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made, 
under  their  authority;  to  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors, 
other  public  ministers,  and  consuls ;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty 
and  maritime  jurisdiction;  to  controversies  to  which  the 
United  States  shall  be  a  party ;  to  controversies  between  two 
or  more  States;  between  a  State  and  citizens  of  another 
State;  between  citizens  of  different  States;  between  citizens 
of  the  same  State  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different 
States;  and  between  a  State,  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and 
foreign  states,  citizens  or  subjects. 


68  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

2.  In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  minis- 
ters, and  consuls,  and  those  in  which  a  State  shall  be  a 
party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  original  jurisdiction. 
In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  Supreme  Court 
shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact, 
with  such  exceptions  and  under  such  regulations  as  Con- 
gress shall  make. 

3.  The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment, 
shall  be  by  jury,  and  such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  State 
where  the  said  crimes  shall  have  been  committed;  but  when 
not  committed  within  any  State,  the  trial  shall  be  at  such 
place  or  places  as  Congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

Section  3. 

1.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only 
in  levying  war  against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies, 
giving  them  aid  and  comfort.     No  person  shall  be   con- 
victed of  treason,  unless  on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses 
to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 

2.  Congress   shall   have   power  to   declare   the   punish- 
ment of  treason;  but  no  attainder  of  treason  shall  work 
corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture,  except  during  the  life 
of  the  person  attainted. 

ARTICLE  IV. 
Miscellaneous  Provisions. 

Section  1. 

1.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  State  to 
the  public  acts,  records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every 
other  State;  and  Congress  may,  by  general  laws,  prescribe 
the  manner  in  which  such  acts,  records,  and  proceedings 
shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Section  2. 

1.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the 
privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several  States. 

2.  A  person  charged  in  any  State  with  treason,  felony, 
or  other  crime,  who  shall  flee  from  justice,  and  be  found 
in  another  State,  shall,  on  demand  of  the  executive  authority 
of  the  State  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered  up,  to  be 
removed  to  the  State  having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

3.  No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State,  under 
the  laws  thereof,  escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  conse- 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  69 

quence  of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be  discharged  from 
such  service  or  labor;  but  shall  be  delivered  up  on  claim 
of  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

Section  3. 

1.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  Congress  into  this 
Union;  but  no  new  State  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  any  other  State,  nor  any  State  be  formed 
by  the  junction  of  two  or  more  States,  or  parts  of  States, 
without  the  consent  of  the  legislatures  of  the  States  con- 
cerned, as  well  as  of  Congress. 

2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of,  and  make  all 
needful  rules  and  regulations  respecting  the  territory  or 
other  property  belonging  to  the  United  States;  and  nothing 
in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prejudice 
any  claims  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  particular  State. 

Section  4. 

1.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  in 
this  Union  a  republican  form  of  government,  and  shall  pro- 
tect each  of  them  against  invasion;  and,  on  application  of 
the  legislature  or  of  the  executive  (when  the  legislature 
cannot  be  convened),  against  domestic  violence. 

ARTICLE  V. 

1.  The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  houses 
shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall  propose  amendments  to  this 
Constitution;  or,  on  the  application  of  the  legislatures  of 
two-thirds  of  the  several  States,  shall  call  a  convention  for 
proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be  valid, 
to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  parts  of  this  Constitution, 
when  ratified  by  the  legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the 
several  States,  or  by  conventions  in  three-fourths  thereof, 
as  the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  pro- 
posed by  Congress;  provided  that  no  amendment  which 
may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  eight  shall  in  any  manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth 
clauses  in  the  ninth  section  of  the  first  article;  and  that 
no  State,  without  its  consent,  shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal 
suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

1.  All  debts  contracted,  and  engagements  entered  into, 
before  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  as  valid 
against  the  United  States  under  this  Constitution  as  under 


70  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

the  Confederation. 

2.  This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States 
which  shall  be  made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties 
made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the  authority  of  the 
United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land;  and 
the  judges  in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything 
in  the  Constitution  or  laws  of  any  State  to  the  contrary 
notwithstanding. 

3.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned, 
and  the  members  of  the  several  State  legislatures,  and  all 
executive  and  judicial  officers,  both  of  the  United  States 
and  of  the  several  States,  shall  be  bound  by  oath  or  affirma- 
tion to  support  the  Constitution;  but  no  religious  test  shall 
ever  be  required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public 
trust  under  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

1.     The  ratification  of  the  conventions  of  nine  States  shall 
be  sufficient  for  the  establishment  of  this  Constitution  be- 
tween the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 
Done  in  convention  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  States 
present,  the  seventeenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven, 
and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America 
the  twelfth.     In  witness  whereof  we  have  hereunto  sub- 
scribed our  names. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
President,  and  Deputy  from  Virginia. 

AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 

ARTICLE  I. 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment 
of  religion,  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof;  or 
abridging  the  freedom  of  speech  or  of  the  press;  or  the 
right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble,  and  to  petition 
the  government  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

ARTICLE  II. 

A  well-regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security 
of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear 
arms  shall  not  be  infringed 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  71 

ARTICLE  III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any 
house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner;  nor  in  time  of  war, 
but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 
ARTICLE  IV. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons, 
houses,  papers,  and  effects,  against  unreasonable  searches 
and  seizures,  shall  not  be  violated;  and  no  warrants  shall 
issue  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirma- 
tion, and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched, 
and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 
ARTICLE  V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  other- 
wise infamous  crime,  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indict- 
ment of  a  grand  jury,  except  in  cases  arising  in  the  land 
or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia,  when  in  actual  service 
in  time  of  war  or  public  danger;  nor  shall  any  person  be 
subject  for  the  same  offence  to  be  put  twice  in  jeopardy  of 
life  or  limb;  nor  shall  be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case 
to  be  witness  against  himself;  nor  be  deprived  of  life, 
liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law;  nor  shall 
private  property  be  taken  for  public  use  without  just  com- 
pensation. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the 
right  to  a  speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury 
of  the  State  and  district  wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been 
committed,  which  district  shall  have  been  previously  ascer- 
tained by  law ;  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  cause 
of  the  accusation;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses 
against  him;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  wit- 
nesses in  his  favor;  and  to  have  the  assistance  of  counsel 
for  his  defence. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy 
shall  exceed  twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury 
shall  be  preserved;  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  jury  shall  be 
otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United  States, 
than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 
ARTICLE  VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines 


72  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 
ARTICLE  IX. 

The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution  of  certain  rights 
shall  not  be  construed  to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained 
by  the  people. 

ARTICLE  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the 
Constitution,  nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  States,  are  reserved 
to  the  States  respectively,  or  to  the  people. 
ARTICLE  XI. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  con- 
strued to  extend  to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity,  commenced 
or  prosecuted  against  one  of  the  United  States  by  citizens 
of  another  State,  or  by  citizens  or  subjects  of  any  foreign 
state. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

1.  The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and 
vote  by  ballot  for  President  and  Vice-President,  one  of 
whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State 
with  themselves.  They  shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  per- 
son voted  for  as  President,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the 
person  voted  for  as  Vice-President;  and  they  shall  make 
distinct  lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and 
of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and  of  the  num- 
ber of  votes  for  each ;  which  lists  they  shall  sign  and  certify, 
and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the 
votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person  having  the  greatest 
number  of  votes  for  President  shall  be  the  President,  if 
such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors 
appointed;  and  if  no  person  have  such  majority,  then  from 
the  persons  having  the  highest  numbers,  not  exceeding 
three,  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as  President,  the  House 
of  Representatives  shall  choose  immediately,  by  ballot,  the 
President.  But,  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall 
be  taken  by  States,  the  representation  from  each  State  hav- 
ing one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of 
a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and 
a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice. 
And  if  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  not  choose  a 


OF  THE   UNITED  STATES  73 

President,  whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon 
them,  before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then 
the  Vice-President  shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the  case 
of  the  death  or  other  constitutional  disability  of  the  Presi- 
dent. 

2.  Tin-  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  as 
Vice-President  shall  be  the  Vice-President,  if  such  number 
be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed; 
and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  two  highest 
numbers  on  the  list  the  Senate  shall  choose  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent.   A  quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds 
of  the  whole  number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the 
whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice. 

3.  But  no  person  constitutionally  ineligible  to  the  office 
of  President   shall  be  eligible  to  that  of  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States. 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

Section  1. 

Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a 
punishment  for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been 
duly  convicted,  shall  exist  within  the  United  States,  or  any 
place  subject  to  their  jurisdiction. 

Section  2. 

.threes   shall   have   power   to   enforce   this   Article    by 
appropriate  legislation. 

ARTICLE  XIV. 

Section  1. 

All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  of  the  State  wherein  they  reside.  No  State 
shall  make  or  enforce  any  law  which  shall  abridge  the 
privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens  of  the  United  States; 
nor  shall  any  State  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty,  or 
property,  without  due  process  of  law;  nor  deny  to  any 
person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protection  of  the 

laws-  Section  2. 

Representatives  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several 
States  according  to  their  respective  numbers,  counting  the 
whole  number  of  persons  in  each  State,  excluding  Indians 
not  taxed.  But  when  the  right  to  vote  at  any  election  for 


74  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

the  choice  of  electors  for  President  or  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States,  Representatives  in  Congress,  the  execu- 
tive and  judicial  officers  of  a  State,  or  the  members  of  the 
legislature  thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  inhabitants 
of  such  State,  being  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way  abridged,  except  for 
participation  in  rebellion  or  other  crime,  the  basis  of  repre- 
sentation therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which 
the  number  of  such  male  citizens  shall  bear  to  the  whole 
number  of  male  citizens  twenty-one  years  of  age  in  such 
State.  Section  3. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Eepresentatives  in  Con- 
gress, or  elector  of  President  and  Vice-President,  or  hold 
any  office,  civil  or  military,  under  the  United  States,  or 
under  any  State,  who,  having  previously  taken  an  oath  as 
a  member  of  Congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States, 
or  as  a  member  of  any  State  legislature,  or  as  an  executive 
or  judicial  officer  of  any  State  to  support  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States,  shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection 
or  rebellion  against  the  same,  or  given  aid  or  comfort  to 
the  enemies  thereof.  But  Congress  may,  by  a  vote  of  two- 
thirds  of  each  house,  remove  such  disability. 

Section  4. 

The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States, 
authorized  by  law,  including  debts  incurred  for  payment 
of  pensions  and  bounties  for  Hervices  in  suppressing  insur- 
rection or  rebellion,  shall  not  be  Questioned.  But  neither  the 
United  States  nor  any  State  snail  assume  or  pay  any  debt 
or  obligation  incurred  in  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion 
against  the  United  States,  or  any  claim  for  the  loss  or 
emancipation  of  any  slave;  out  all  such  debts,  obligations, 
and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and  void. 

Section  5. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce,  by  appropriate 
legislation,  the  provisions  of  this  Article. 
ARTICLE  XV.  —  Section  1. 

The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not 
be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States  or  by  any  State 
on  account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

Section  2. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  Article  by 
appropriate  legislation. 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  75 

ARTICLE  XVI. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  lay  and  collect  taxes 
on  incomes  from  whatever  source  derived,  without  appor- 
tionment among  the  several  states,  and  without  regard  to 
any  census  or  enumeration. 

AMENDMENT  XVII. 

ndment  to  the  first  paragraph  of  section  3,  article  I, 
of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  in  lieu  of  so 
much  of  paragraph  two  of  the  same  section  as  relates  to 
the  filling  of  vacancies,  as  follows:  "The  Senate  of  the 
United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  senators  from  each 
be,  elected  by  the  people  thereof,  for  six  years;  and  each 
senator  shall  have  one  vote.  The  electors  in  each  state 
shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of  the 
most  numerous  branch  of  the  state  legislature.  When  va- 
cancies happen  in  the  representation  of  any  state  in  the  sen- 
ate, the  executive  authority  of  such  state  shall  issue  writs  of 
election  to  fill  such  vacancy;  Provided,  that  the  legislature 
of  any  state  may  empower  the  executive  thereof  to  make  tern 
porary  appoint m.-nts  until  the  people  fill  the  vacancies  by 
lion,  as  the  legislature  may  direct.  This  amendment  shall 
not  be  so  construed  to  affect  the  election  or  term  of  any  sena- 
tor chosen  before  it  becomes  valid  as  part  of  the  constitu- 

AKTITLE  XVIII 

on   1.     After  one  year  from  the  ratification  of  this 
maim  fa.-t  ure,  sale,  or  transportation  of  intoxi- 
tig  li.piors   within,  the  importation  thereof  into,  or  the 
ion  thereof  from  the  United  States  and  all  territory 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof  for  beverage  purposes  is 
hereby  prohibit- 
on  2.     The  Congress  and  the  several  states  shall  have 
nrrent  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  leg- 
Ulation. 

ARTICLE  XIX. 

riirht  of  riti/<-ns  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not 
•ii-nied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States  or  by  any  State 
irrount  of  sex. 

Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  ap- 
propriate legislation. 


76  WILSON  'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 


STATES  COMPRISING  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
The  Original  13  Colonies. 

Name.  Ratified  the  Constitution. 

1.  Delaware     Dee.     7,  1787 

2.  Pennsylvania     Dec.  12,  1787 

3.  New  Jersey    Dec.  18,  1787 

4.  Georgia    Jan.     2,  1788 

5.  Connecticut    Jan.     9,  1788 

6.  Massachusetts    Feb.     6,  1788 

7.  Maryland    Apr.  28,  1788 

8.  South  Carolina May  23,  1788 

9.  New  Hampshire   June  21,  1788 

10.  Virginia    June  25,  1788 

11.  New  York July  26,  1788 

12.  North  Carolina    Nov.  21,  1789 

13.  Rhode  Island  May  29,  1790 

Admitted  Into  the  Union. 

Name.                     Admitted.  Name.  Admitted. 

14.  Vermont     Mar.     4,1791  31.  California   ....Sept.     9,1850 

15.  Kentucky   June     1,  1792  32.     Minnesota May  11,  1858 

16.  Tennessee June     1,  1796  33.     Oregon Feb.  14,  1859 

17.  Ohio    Nov.  29,  1802  34.     Kansas   Jan.  29,  1861 

18.  Louisiana Apr.  30,  1812  35.  W.  Virginia  ...  June  19,  1863 

19.  Indiana Dec.  11,  1816  36.     Nevada Oct.  31,  1864 

20.  Mississippi    . .  .Dec.  10,  1817  37.     Nebraska  Mar.     1,1867 

21.  Illinois Dec.     3,1818  38.     Colorado    .Aug.     1,1876 

22.  Alabama Dec.  14,  1819  39.  N.  Dakota  ....Nov.     3,  1889 

23.  Maine Mar.  15,  1820  40,     S.Dakota Nov.     3,1889 

24.  Missouri Aug.  10,  1821  41.     Montana Nov.     8,  1889 

25.  Arkansas June  15,  1836  42.  Washington    ..Nov.  11,  1889 

26.  Michigan Jan.  26,  1837  43.     Idaho   July     3,  1890 

27.  Florida Mar.     3,1845  44.     Wyoming July     8,1890 

28.  Texas   Dec.  29,  1845  45.     Utah Jan.     4,  1896 

29.  Iowa  Dec.  28,  1846  46.     Oklahoma Nov.  16,  1907 

30.  Wisconsin May  29,  1848  47.  New   Mexico.. Jan.      6,  1912 

48.     Arizona Feb.  14,  1912 

In  addition  to  the  above  States,  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto 
Rico  aj-e  Territories  and  the  United  States  holds  the  Phil- 
ippines  as  a  colonial  possession. 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


77 


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78  WILSON'S  NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

A  Short  History  of  the  United  States 

In  1775,  there  were  in  the  Eastern  portion  of  the  United 
States  thirteen  Colonies,  occupied  by  English  people,  cover- 
ing land  now  embraced  by  the  States  of  New  Hampshire, 
Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  Rhode  Island,  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North 
Carolina,  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia,  and  adjoining  terri- 
tory afterwards  relinquished  by  them  to  new  states  formed 
since  that  time.  For  many  years  prior  to  1775  there  was  a 
great  deal  of  dissatisfaction  with  the  tyrannical  govern- 
ment of  King  George  of  England,  who  held  sovereignty 
over  the  American  Colonies.  The  war  of  the  American  Rev- 
olution began  with  the  Battle  of  Lexington,  near  Boston,  on 
April  19,  1775.  This  war  continued  for  eight  years,  when 
Great  Britain  acknowledged  the  independence  of  these  thir- 
teen Colonies,  who  in  the  meantime,  on  the  4th  day  of  July, 
1776,  had  adopted  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  This 
Declaration  of  Independence  was  adopted  by  the  Continen- 
tal Congress,  composed  of  delegates  from  these  Colonies 
who  met  in  Philadelphia.  The  Fourth  of  July  is  the  Na- 
tion's birthday  and  the  national  holiday  of  the  United 
States.  After  the  Revolution  was  over,  a  Constitutional 
Congress,  composed  of  delegates  from  the  thirteen  Colonies, 
was  called  in  1786,  and  adopted  the  present  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  except  the  seventeen  amendments  which 
have  been  adopted  from  time  to  time  since  then. 

Under  this  Constitution,  George  Washington  was  elected 
the  first  President  of  the  United  States  and  was  inaugurated 
April  30th,  1789.  He  had  been,  during  the  Revolutionary 
War,  the  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  American  forces.  At 
this  time  the  United  States  had  about  four  million  inhab- 
itants. Within  the  next  ten  years  the  State  of  Vermont 
was  created  out  of  the  western  part  of  New  Hampshire, 
Kentucky  out  of  the  western  portion  of  Virginia,  Tennessee 
out  of  the  western  part  of  North  Carolina,  and  Ohio  was 
made  a  state  in  1802.  Louisiana  was  purchased  in  the  year 
1803  from  France  and  admitted  to  the  Union  in  1812. 

In  1812  there  was  another  war  with  Great  Britain,  which 
lasted  two  years.  This  was  caused  by  England  impressing 
American  sea-men.  It  resulted  in  a  victory  for  the  United 


1HK    UNLT:-:i)  J^'i  79 

States.  Between  1812  and  1846  the  States  of  Indiana,  Mis- 
sissippi, Illinois,  Alabama,  Maine,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Mich- 
igan, Florida  and  Texas  were  admitted  to  the  Union.  Florida 
was  purchased  from  Spain  in  1819,  and  Texas  was  annexed 
in  1M.\  after  she  had  declared  her  independence  from 
Mexico. 

The  admission  of  Texas  into  the  United  States  caused  a 
war  with  Mexico  in  1846  and  1847.  The  United  States  was 
victorious  and  received,  from  Mexico,  partly  as  indemnity 
and  partly  by  purchase,  the  land  which  now  comprises  the 
Stairs  of  California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Utah  and  portions  of 
Kansas,  Wyoming,  Colorado  and  New  Mexico. 

In  I  ;ts  a  <  'ivil  War  in  the  United  States  be- 

tween the  Northern  and  Southern  States.  This  was  fought 
over  the  question  of  human  slavery.  The  Northern  States 
had  no  slav«-s  and  were  called  "free  states,"  and  the  South- 
ern States  had  slaves  and  were  called  "slave  states."  Both 
i  tln-ir  principles  adopted  in  the  admission  of 
ites  thai  ur  created  from  land  which  be- 

<d  to  the  Unit  >t  of  the  Mississippi 

r  and  known  as  tin  -  West."  This  war  lasted 

i'"i-  about  four  \  i  States  were  victori- 

-  forever  abolished  in  the  United  States 

by  Constitutional  Amendment.  1  Miring  this  war  the  great 
Abraham  Lincoln  was  President  of  the  United  States  and 
:  General  on  the  Northern  side  was  Ulysses  S. 
Grant,  while  the  greatest  General  on  the  Southern  side  was 
i:.  Lee.  During  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  the  States 
of  West  Virginia  and  Nevada  were  created  and  admitted  to 
the  Union.  From  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  to  1896  the 
States  of  Colorado,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Montana, 
Washington,  Idaho,  Wyoming  and  Utah  were  admitted  to 
the  Union.  In  1867  Alaska  was  purchased  from  Russia  and 
was  made  into  a  Territory. 

The  United  States  remained  at  peace  from  1865  until 
1898,  when  the  war  with  Spain  took  place,  while  William 
McKinley  was  President.  As  a  result  of  this  war,  Cuba, 
over  which  the  war  was  fought,  gained  its  independence 
from  Spain  and  the  United  States  acquired  what  is  now  the 
territory  of  Porto  Rico,  and  the  Philippine  Islands,  its  only 
Colonial  possessions.  In  1898  Hawaii,  where  a  republic  had 
been  established  by  its  inhabitants,  was,  at  its  own  request, 


80  \V  I  LSOTv'S, NATURALIZATION  LAWS 

annexed  to  the  United  States  and  made  into  a  Territory. 

In  1903  one  of  the  nine  departments  of  the  Republic  of 
Columbia  revolted  and  declared  its  independence  from  Co- 
lumbia under  the  name  of  "The  Republic  of  Panama."  In 
1904,  during  the  administration  of  President  Theodore 
Roosevelt,  the  United  States  made  a  treaty  with  Panama,  by 
which  Panama,  for  ten  million  dollars,  and  the  protection 
of  the  United  States,  gave  to  the  United  States  sovereignty, 
forever,  over  a  strip  of  land  10  miles  wide,  across  Panama 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  United  States 
then  paid  forty  millions  of  dollars  to  a  French  company  for 
the  unfinished  ship  canal  then  on  this  strip  of  land  and  has 
about  finished  the  canal  at  an  additional  cost  of  over  three 
hundred  million  dollars.  The  territories  of  New  Mexico  and 
Arizona  were  admitted  as  States  in  1912. 

A  great  era  of  prosperity  began  in  1876  in  the  United 
States,  and  its  wealth,  power  and  population  has  increased 
rapidly  to  the  present  time.  The  United  States  now  has  a 
population,  in  its  forty-eight  States,  of  about  one  hundred 
million  persons.  In  all  parts  of  the  United  States  education 
is  free,  and  in  some  places  it  is  compulsory  for  the  children. 
There  is  no  established  church.  Every  one  has  the  right  to 
belong  to  any  religion  he  chooses,  or  to  none,  if  that  best 
suits  him.  The  United  States  is  a  pure  democracy,  every 
citizen  being  the  equal,  politically  and  before  the  law,  of 
every  other  citizen.  There  are  no  titles  of  nobility  in  the 
United  States.  Women  have  the  same  right  to  vote  as  men 
in  the  States  of  Wyoming,  Colorado,  Utah,  Idaho,  Washing- 
ton, California,  Arizona,  Kansas,  Oregon  and  Illinois.  The 
National  political  parties,  as  they  now  exist  in  the  United 
States,  are  the  Republican,  Democratic,  Progressive,  Social- 
ist and  Prohibition  parties. 

The  United  States  has  been  great  in  the  domains  of  Art 
and  Science,  and  especially  so  in  inventions.  Among  the 
many  inventions  made  by  Americans  can  be  mentioned  the 
following:  The  cotton  gin,  by  Eli  Whitney  in  1793;  the 
steamboat  by  Robert  Fulton  in  1807;  the  sewing  machine 
by  Elias  Howe  in  1846 ;  the  telegraph  by  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse 
in  1837 ;  the  electric  lamp  by  Thomas  A.  Edison ;  the  tele- 
phone by  Alexander  Graham  Bell ;  the  reaper  by  Cyrus  Mc- 
Cormick,  and  the  perfected  typewriter  by  several  Ameri- 
cans together. 


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